IO concepts and characteristics

Question 1

Enchanted view of IOs

Answer 1

celebrates IOs as the manifestation of international cooperation and promotes compliance with their rules as an inherently desirable policy choice
/
assumes that IOs are inherently good or better than a system without them

Question 2

Institution

Answer 2

a body of norms, rules and practices that shape behavior and expectations, without necessarily having the physical character of an IO

Question 3

IO characteristics

Answer 3

1. Bureaucracy/headquarters
2. Formal rules and procedures
3. Regular state meetings
4. At least 3 member states
5. Formal treaty base

Question 4

Where do IOs exist?

Answer 4

The conceptual and legal speace between state sovereignty and legal obligations

Question 5

Categories of IOs

Answer 5

1. Membership: universal v. limited
2. Competence: comprehensive/general v. limited/issue-specific
3. Function: rule-making v. operational
4. Decision-making authority: interngovermental/pooled sovereignty v. supranational/delegated sovereignty

Question 6

pooled sovereignty

Answer 6

decisions taken by all member states based on horizontal authority
/
interngovernmental

Question 7

delegated sovereignty

Answer 7

decision taken by organizational body designated by member states based on vertical authority
/
supranational

Question 8

What is the IO paradox

Answer 8

IOs are created out of sovereignty/commitments of states, yet the goal of IOs is to limit choices of sovereign states

Question 9

ASEAN

Answer 9

Association of Southeast Asian Nations

Question 10

OAS

Answer 10

Organisation of American States

Question 11

NGO’s

Answer 11

established by non-state actors
‘‘common purpose’’ (common good purpose/goal)
local, national or transnational

Question 12

International regime

Answer 12

implicit or explicit principles, norms, rules and decision-making procedures around which actors’ expectations converge in a given area of international relations
- Krasner 1983

Question 13

Principles

Answer 13

beliefs of fact, causation and rectitute

Question 14

Norms

Answer 14

standards of behaviour defined in terms of rights and obligations

Question 15

rules

Answer 15

specific prescriptions of proscriptions for actions

Question 16

decision-making procedures

Answer 16

how are things decided when coming together within a regime

Question 17

Scale of IOs, regimes and governance

Answer 17

IOs/NGOs
International Regimes
Global Governance

Question 18

global governance

Answer 18

the sum of the formal and informal ideas, norms, procedures and institutions that help all actors identify, understand and adress trans-boundary problems

Question 19

views on the role of IOs (Hurd)

Answer 19

IOs as Actors
- international legal personality
IOs as Fora
- arena for debate and negotiation
IOs as tools
- states can pursue their interest depending on how much power they have

Question 20

Three forces of IOs in world politics

Answer 20

OBLIGATIONS
- direct obligations in the treaty
- indirect obligations which arise in the course of the operation of the IO
COMPLIANCE
- rational/explicit choice e.g. when joining
- implicit/subtle (IOs shape the behaviour of states: they shape the international environment)
ENFORCEMENT
- mostly indirect (loss of reputation)

Question 21

State Sovereignty

Answer 21

legal and normative framework that constitutes states as the final authority over their territory and the people within it

Question 22

Sovereignty v. interdependence

Answer 22

it’s hard to determine the role of sovereignty in an interdependent world: where is the line between sovereign rights and the rights of a state to be independent from outside influence (policy in one country influences other countries)

Question 23

challenge IOs

Answer 23

IOs are stuck in the position of trying to influence actors that have the legal right and often the political power to resist that influence

Question 24

theory

Answer 24

a set of ideas that simplifies the complexity of the world and identifies the key forces and actors within it

Question 25

(Neo)realism 6

Answer 25

- Morgenthau - anarchical international system - states as main actors - states are insecure -> power-seeking - international politics = pursue of (military) power - IOs as instruments of states to pursue national interest

Question 26

(neoliberal) institutionalism 5

Answer 26

- Rob Cohen - States as most important actors - states as interdependent unitary actors - IOs enable cooperation by reducing transaction costs - international system is anarchical, but there is some community/cooperation

Question 27

principle agent theory

Answer 27

subcategory of institutionalism states are principles that delegate some part of their sovereignty to IOs as agents

Question 28

liberalism 3

Answer 28

- states most important actors - states plural actors (they differ from eachother) - IOs agreements of states with expectations of beneficial payoff

Question 29

interest-group liberalism 3

Answer 29

- Andrew Moravscik - national interest is defined by multiple actors within states - subcategory liberalism

Question 30

regime theory 2

Answer 30

- subcategory liberalism - rules form the basis of international regimes, rules aren't only made by governments

Question 31

contractualism 4

Answer 31

- IOs are contracts among governments, they are bargains of self-interested states - IOs are by-products of interstate promises - It is unfortunate when IOs act as independent actors - subcategory liberalism

Question 32

peace theory

Answer 32

the more trade, the less war democratic states don't go to war with each other - subcategory liberalism

Question 33

social contstructivism 3

Answer 33

- actors are driven by ideas (shaped by past interactions) - co-constitution (ideas of people and states form international politcs + are shaped by international politics) - Alexander Wendt: anarchy is what we make of it

Question 34

critical theories 6

Answer 34

- want to understand and change/overcome the current international system - Marxism - feminism - decolonialism - postcolonialism - neo-gramscianism - world systems theory

Question 35

marxism

Answer 35

- politics and economics are one singular system - IOs = expression of political and economic interests of powerful actors

Question 36

neo-gramscianism

Answer 36

- IOs and international politics have become sovereign over states - states formation and interstate politics are moments of transnational dynamics of capital accumlation and class formulation

Question 37

world systems theory

Answer 37

world is devided into periphery, semi periphery and capitalist core