investigations in respiratory disease Flashcards
(24 cards)
peak flow rate and oximetry
monitoring of asthma
resp failure
assessment of oxygen requirements
white cell count
high in LRTI
haematocrit
elevated in polycythaemia
eosinophil count
high in allergic asthma
CRP
high in pneumonia
serum calcium
elevated in bony metastases, sarcoidosis and sq cell lung cancer
D-dimer
venous thromboembolism
ABG
resp failure, acid-base balance
spirometry
COPD and asthma
CO transfer
reduced in ILD, emphysema and COPD
CT thorax
pulmonary or mediastinal mass
staging of lung cancer
pleural disease
high res CT
ILD
bronchiectasis
echocardiogram
right heart dilatation
causes of gram positive sputum
pneumococcus or staphylococcus
causes of gram negative sputum
haemophilius influenzae
positive samples of Ziehl-neelsen stain indicate what
Tb
decreased pH
increased CO2
increased bicarb
resp acidosis
increased pH
deceased CO2
decreased HCO3
respiratory alkalosis
decreased pH
decreased CO2
decreased HCO3
metabolic acidosis
increased pH
increased CO2
increased HCO3
metabolic alkalosis
causes of resp acidosis
acute ventilatory failure (asthma, pneumonia, COPD)
causes of resp alkalosis
hyperventilation (anxiety, panic) CNS causes (stroke, subarachnoid haemorrhage)
causes of metabolic acidosis
increased prod of organic acids (DKA, poisoning, acute renal failure)
loss of bicarb (diarrhoea, Addisons)
causes of metabolic alkalosis
loss of acid (vomiting)
loss of potassium (diuretic, hyperaldosternoism, Cushings)
