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respiratory > cough > Flashcards

cough Flashcards

1
Q

what is an acute cough defined as?

A

<3 weeks

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2
Q

what is a chronic cough defined as?

A

> 8 weeks

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3
Q

most common cause of acute cough

A

acute upper respiratory tract viral infetion

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4
Q

most common cause of chronic cough in a non-smoker with a normal chest Xray

A

GORD

chronic sinus disease

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5
Q

what kind of cough does severe asthma or COPD cause?

A

prolonged wheezy cough

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6
Q

what does a feeble, non-explosive bovine cough with hoarseness suggests?

A

lung cancer invading the left recurrent laryngeal nerve causing left vocal cord paralysis ≥÷

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7
Q

what kind of cough does laryngeal inflammation, infection or tumour cause?

A

harsh, barking or painful cough and associated hoarseness

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8
Q

what does a moist cough suggest?

A

secretions in the upper and larger airways from bronchial infection and bronchiectasis

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9
Q

what does a persistent moist smokers cough suggest?

A

chronic bronchitis

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10
Q

red flag symptoms associated with cough

A 
haemoptysis
breathlessness
fever
chest pain
weight loss
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11
Q

acute cough with a normal chest Xray

A

viral respiratory tract infection
bacterial infection
inhaled foreign body

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12
Q

acute cough with an abnormal chest Xray

A

pneumonia

inhaled foreign body

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13
Q

chronic cough with a normal chest Xray

A

GORD

asthma

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14
Q

chronic cough with an abnormal chest Xray

A

lung tumour
Tb
ILD
bronchiectasis

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15
Q

what kind of cough does pneumonia cause?

A

dry, centrally painful and non-productive cough

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16
Q

what kind of cough does ILD cause?

A

chronic dry cough

17
Q

which condition is a nocturnal cough disrupting sleep a feature of?

A

asthma

18
Q

most common cause of dysphonia (hoarseness)

A

laryngitis

19
Q

which conditions do you get wheeze on exercise

A

asthma and COPD

20
Q

what does night wakening with wheeze suggest?

A

asthma or PND

21
Q

what does wheeze after wakening in the morning suggest?

A

COPD

22
Q

what is a wheeze?

A

high pitched whistling sound produced by air passing through narrowed small airways occurring with expiration

23
Q

what is stridor?

A

high pitches produced by airflow turbulence through a partial obstruction of the upper airway. occurring most commonly on inspiration.

24
Q

what does inspiratory stridor suggest?

A

narrowing at the vocal cords

25
Q

what does biphasic stridor suggest?

A

tracheal obstruction

26
Q

what does expiratory stridor suggest?

A

tracheobronchial obstruction

27
Q

common causes of stridor

A

infection/inflammation e.g acute epiglottitis in children and tumours of the trachea and main bronchi in adults

28
Q

cause of stertor

A

naso or oropharyngeal blockage

29
Q

causes of clear or ‘mucoid’ sputum production

A

chronic bronchitis and COPD with no active infection

30
Q

causes of yellow sputum production

A

acute LRTI (live neutrophils) and in asthma (eosinophils)

31
Q

cause of green purulent sputum production

A

COPD or bronchiectasis (dead neutrophils)

32
Q

cause of rusty red sputum production

A

early pneumococcal infection (lysis of RBC)

33
Q

large volumes of purulent sputum which varies with posture

A

bronchiectasis

34
Q

suddenly coughing up large amounts of purulent sputum which varies with posture

A

rupture of a lung abscess or empyema into the bronchial tree

35
Q

large volumes of watery sputum with a pink tinge in an acutely breathless patient

A

pulmonary oedema

36
Q

causes of foul tasting or smelling sputum

A

anaerobic bacterial infection occurring in bronchiectasis, lung abscess and empyema

37
Q

what kind of haemoptysis does bronchiectasis cause?

A

intermittent haemoptysis associated with copious purulent sputum over years

38
Q

single episode of haemoptysis associated with symptoms such as pleuritic chest pain and breathlessness

A

pulmonary thromboembolism

infarction

respiratory (16 decks)

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