Invertebrates - Ch. 28

Question 1

invertebrates

Answer 1

• animals without a backbone
• come in many different shapes and sizes
• can be compared by looking at body plan, cephalization, and the way food is digested

Question 2

porifera

Answer 2

• asymetrical
• ability to regenerate
• do not produce true tissues
• no cephalization - has signaling proteins
• have collar cells similar to choanocytes and is how the sponge filter water

Question 3

how do sponges eat?

Answer 3

• water enters the sponge through its pores which then pump water into the sponge
• collar cells inside the sponge filter food and microorganisms from the water
• water flows into the central cavity and out the top of the sponge through the osculum

Question 4

what are some examples of porifera?

Answer 4

sponges

Question 5

cnidaria

Answer 5

• radial
• can be medusa or polyp form
• no cephalization
• have cnidocytes that release barbs of poison (sea slugs do not)
• no segmentation
• have complex tissues, a gut, nervous system
• nervous system is of net fibers
• only has one opening for food and waste
• diploblastic

Question 6

what are some examples of cnidaria?

Answer 6

hydras, jellyfish, anemones

Question 7

ctenophora

Answer 7

-hermaphroditic
-radial
have comb rows of cilia for movement
-lack stinging cells
-diploblastic

Question 8

what are some examples of ctenophora?

Answer 8

comb jellies

Question 9

what are some characteristics of acoelomates?

Answer 9

• bilateral
• diploblastic
• cephalization
• has a brain and nervous system
• incomplete digestive system - 1 opening

Question 10

flatworms

Answer 10

• acoelomates
• gas exchange through diffusion across skin
• no circulatory system
• flame cells remove excess water

Question 11

Platyhelminthes

Answer 11

• triploblastic
• protostome
• acoelomates
• can be free living or parasitic
• bilaterial
• cephalization
• 2 sensory lobes

Question 12

what are some characteristics of pseudocoelomates?

Answer 12

• triploblastic
• bilateral
• cephalization with a brain and nervous system
• complete digestive system
• no circulation

Question 13

annelida

Answer 13

• segmented
• triploblastic
• protostomes
• coelomates
• full digestive system
• bilateral

Question 14

what are some examples of annelida?

Answer 14

• earthworms

- leeches

Question 15

earthworms

Answer 15

• class oligochaeta
• some segments are specialized for eating and reproduction
• break down waste and excrete waste called castings
• burrow in soil allowing water and air to reach deep into the soil
• stiff bristles on the outside of their body helping them to move

Question 16

leeches

Answer 16

• some are parasites and suck others animals’ blood and others eat dead animals
• leeches secrete a chemical that keeps blood from clotting

Question 17

mollusca

Answer 17

• has a large foot for movement
• bilateral
• triploblastic
• protostome
• have a viceral mass
• have a mantle
• have a shell
• mostly open circulatory system with the exception of cephalopods
• complex ganglia for nervous system

Question 18

what are some examples of mollusks?

Answer 18

• gastropoda (slugs and snails)
• pelecypoda (oysters and clams)
• cephalopoda (octopus and squid)

Question 19

how do mollusks eat?

Answer 19

• gastropods: scavengers
• clams and bivalves: filter feeders
• cephalopods: predators

Question 20

what do complex ganglia in mollusks do?

Answer 20

• control breathing
• move the foot
• control digestion

Question 21

arthropoda

Answer 21

• jointed limbs
• segmented body
• have a head, thorax, and abdomen
• exoskeleton made of chitin or proteins
• triploblastic
• bilateral
• protostomes
• coelomates

Question 22

what are some examples of anthropoda?

Answer 22

• crustacea
• arachnida
• chilipoda
• diplopoda
• insecta

Question 23

anthropoda nervous system

Answer 23

• cephalization - well developed brain
• most can detect light but not form an image
• some can see images because of compound eyes

Question 24

insecta

Answer 24

• triploblastic
• protostome
• segmented
• pair of antennae
• 3 pairs of legs for walking, some use for jumping also
• coelomates
• 2 pairs of wings
• bilateral

Question 25

how do insects develop?

Answer 25

through metamorphosis - from an egg to an adult

Question 26

echinodermata

Answer 26

• spiny skinned
• live on the sea floor
• endoskeleton
• radial
• coelomates
• triploblastic
• deuterostomes

Question 27

what are some examples of echinodermata?

Answer 27

• star fish
• sea urchins
• sea cucumbers
• brittle stars
• sand dollars

Question 28

ganglia

Answer 28

a structure containing a number of nerve cell bodies, typically linked by synapses, and often forming a swelling on a nerve fiber

Question 29

open circulatory system

Answer 29

pump blood into a hemocoel with the blood diffusing back to the circulatory system between cells. blood is pumped by the heart into the body cavities, where tissues are surrounded by the blood

Question 30

closed circulatory system

Answer 30

have the blood closed at all times within vessels of different size and wall thickness. In this type of system, blood is pumped by a heart through vessels, and does not normally fill body cavities