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C1 - Palix > Inversions > Flashcards

Inversions Flashcards

1
Q

¿Qué es una inversion?

A

ES UNA ESTRUCTURA USADA EN ESCRITOS COMO “ESSAYS”, “REVIEW”,”REPORT”, “FORMAL LETTER”, DE UN MODO FORMAL PARA ENFATIZAR Y DAR UN DISCURSO MAS SERIO. NO ES DE USO COLOQUIAL.

ES UNA ESTRUCTURA DE PREGUNTA .

Ej.IT IS COLD, ISN’T IT?
Ej.I DIDN’T GO TO LONDON, NOR/NEITHER DID MY SISTER
EJ.ARE THEY HAPPY?
EJ. SHE WILL PASS ENGLISH, SO WILL THE GIRLS

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2
Q

Tipos de inversiones

A

1 - CONDICIONALES
2 - NOT ONLY…BUT ALSO
3 - NO SOONER + HAD + SUBJECT + PTO + THAN/WHEN AS SOON AS +SUBJECT + VERB THE MOMENT SHE GOT HOME
LITTLE DID/DOES
4 - OTRAS ESTRUCTURAS NEGATIVAS
5 - ONLY if/when/by/after/before/then/later
6 - NOT
7 - SO / SUCH

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3
Q

Inversion:
IF THAT COUNTRY INVESTS MORE MONEY, THE PEOPLE WILL BE HAPPIER
(Otra forma que se podría y que “justifica” el uso de should en la inversión: IF THAT COUNTRY SHOULD INVEST MONEY,..)

A

SHOULD THAT COUNTRY INVEST MORE MONEY, THE PEOPLE WILL BE HAPPIER

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4
Q

Inversion:
IF ALL CITIZENS PAID TAXES YEARLY, THE COUNTRY WOULD BECOME WEALTHY
(Otra forma que se podría y que “justifica” el uso de were en la inversión: IF ALL CITIZENS HAD TO / WERE (going) TO PAY… ( TO BE TO ))

A

WERE ALL CITIZENS TO PAY THE TAXES YEARLY, THE COUNTRY WOULD BECOME WEALTHY

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5
Q

Inversion:
IF PARENTS HAD A STRICT CONTROL OVER THE CHILD, THEY WOULD NOT LET HIM/HER BECOME AN INDEPENDENT PERSON

A

WERE PARENTS TO HAVE A STRICT CONTROL OVER THE CHILD, THEY WOULD NOT LET HIM/HER BECOME AN INDEPENDENT PERSON

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6
Q

Inversion:
IF I WERE THE PRIME MINISTER, IMPROVING EDUCATION WOULD BE MY PRIORITY

A

WERE I THE PRIME MINISTER, IMPROVING EDUCATION WOULD BE MY PRIORITY

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7
Q

Inversion:
IF THEY HAD PREVENTED OTHER DISASTERS,… (would have + pto)
IF OTHER CATASTROPHES HAD BEEN AVOIDED, PEOPLE WOULD HAVE BEEN HAPPIER

A

HAD THEY PREVENTED OTHER CATASTROPHES, PEOPLE WOULD HAVE BEEN HAPPIER

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8
Q

Inversion:
IF SHE DOESN’T WORK HARD ENOUGH, SHE WILL BE FIRED FROM HER JOB.

A

SHOULD SHE NOT WORK HARD ENOUGH, SHE WILL BE FIRED FROM HER JOB. (Shouldn`t nooo)

TODAS LAS INVERSIONES SEPARAN LA FORMA NEGATIVA DEL VERBO Y ÉSTA SE COLOCA TRAS EL SUJETO

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9
Q

Inversion:
IF LAWYERS DIDN’T DEFEND EVERYONE, THERE WOULD BE A LOT OF INNOCENT PEOPLE IN PRISON.

A

WERE LAWYERS NOT TO DEFEND EVERYONE, THERE WOULD BE A LOT OF INNOCENT PEOPLE IN PRISON.

TODAS LAS INVERSIONES SEPARAN LA FORMA NEGATIVA DEL VERBO Y ÉSTA SE COLOCA TRAS EL SUJETO

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10
Q

Inversion:
IF THEY HADN’T LIED TO US BEFORE, WE WOULD HAVE TRUSTED THEM MORE

A

HAD THEY NOT LIED TO US BEFORE, WE WOULD HAVE TRUSTED THEM MORE

TODAS LAS INVERSIONES SEPARAN LA FORMA NEGATIVA DEL VERBO Y ÉSTA SE COLOCA TRAS EL SUJETO

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11
Q

Inversion:
IF ACTORS PERFORM EVERY DAY, THEY WILL PLAY THEIR ROLE REALLY WELL

A

SHOULD ACTORS PERFORM EVERY DAY, THEY WILL PLAY THEIR ROLE REALLY WELL

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12
Q

Inversion:
IF MOST JOURNALISTS TOLD THE TRUTH, PEOPLE WOULD STOP THINKING OF THEM AS SCAVENGERS.

A

WERE JOURNALISTS TO TELL THE TRUTH, PEOPLE WOULD STOP THINKING OF THEM AS SCAVENGERS.

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13
Q

Inversion:
IF DEMONSTRATORS HAD NOT DAMAGED URBAN FURNITURE, THE GOVERNMENT WOULD HAVE TAKEN THEM MORE SERIOUSLY.

A

HAD DEMONSTRATORS NOT DAMAGED URBAN FURNITURE, THE GOVERNMENT WOULD HAVE TAKEN THEM MORE SERIOUSLY.

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14
Q

Inversion:
ANNA IS NOT ONLY NICE BUT (she is ) ALSO A HARD-WORKING PERSON ( he empezado por el sujeto , no hay inversión)

A

NOT ONLY IS ANNA NICE BUT ( SHE IS) ALSO A HARD-WORKING PERSON (he empezado por “not only” , sí hay inversión)

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15
Q

Inversion:
HE NOT ONLY ROBBED BUT (HE) ALSO KIDNAPPED

A

NOT ONLY DID HE ROB BUT (he) ALSO KIDNAPPED

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16
Q

Inversion:
DOCTORS NOT ONLY WOULD LEND A HAND BUT ALSO THEY WOULD SAVE HIS LIFE.

A

NOT ONLY WOULD DOCTORS LEND HIM A HAND BUT THEY WOULD ALSO SAVE HIS LIFE

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17
Q

Inversion:
THEY HAVE NOT ONLY INVESTED BUT THEY HAVE ALSO EARNED

A

NOT ONLY HAVE THEY INVESTED BUT THEY HAVE ALSO EARNED

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18
Q

Inversion:
She had no sooner got home THAT/WHEN she got a call from her dad

A

NO SOONER HAD she left home THAN / WHEN she got a call from her dad (The moment I got home …)

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19
Q

Inversion Y no Inversion:
No había hecho más que llegar a casa que su padre la llamó

A

NO SOONER HAD she left home THAN / WHEN she got a call from her dad (The moment I got home …)

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20
Q

Inversion:
No one had/has told him that ….
He had/has no idea that……
He was /is unaware of….

A

LITTLE DID/DOES HE KNOW THAT HE WAS/IS GOING TO WIN THE MATCH

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21
Q

Inversion y no inversion:
Qué poco sabía/sabe iba a ganar el partido

A

LITTLE DID/DOES HE KNOW THAT HE WAS/IS GOING TO WIN THE MATCH

He has/had no idea that he was/is going to win the match

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22
Q

Inversion:
Estructuras negativas

A

ON NO CONDITION
BY NO MEANS/( IN) NO WAY
UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES
RARELY
SELDOM
HARDLY EVER /HARDLY
SCARCELY
BARELY
AT NO TIME or POINT
NEVER AGAIN
NEVER BEFORE
NOT FOR ONE MINUTE
ON NO ACCOUNT
NEITHER
NOR
NEVER
NOT ONCE
IN VAIN

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23
Q

Inversion:
En ningún caso se guardará el equipaje en esa sala

A

Under no circumstances/On no condition will luggage be stored in that room

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24
Q

Inversion:
Raramente comen carne

A

Rarely do they eat meat

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25
Q

Inversion:
De ninguna manera se debe prohibir

A

By no means should it be banned

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26
Q

Inversion:
En ningún caso se les puede dejar solos

A

Under no circumstances/On no condition can they be left on their own

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27
Q

Inversion:
Nunca más volveré

A

Never again will I go back

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28
Q

Inversion:
Apenas he estudiado para mis exámenes

A

Barely have I studied for my exams

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29
Q

Inversion y no inversion:
En ningún caso te unirás al grupo

A

You will not join the group on any condition
On no condition will you join the group

30
Q

Inversion y no inversion:
El sindicato, de ninguna manera, aprobará el acuerdo

A

The union will not pass the agreement by any means.
By no means will the union pass the agreement

31
Q

Inversion y no inversion:
La presión era tal que se vieron obligados a marcharse .

A

The pressure was such (that) they were forced to leave.
Unfortunately, such was the pressure that they were forced to leave

32
Q

Inversion y no inversion:
Se dio cuenta de que no lo amaba después de la boda.

A

She just realized that she didn’t love him after the wedding.
Only after the wedding did she realize that she did not love him

Only if/when/by/after/before/then/later

32
Q

Inversion y no inversion:
Sólo aplicando este tipo de medidas conseguiremos los objetivos

A

We will achieve the objective by implementing these types of measures.
Only by implementing these types of measures wil we achieve the objectives

Only if/when/by/after/before/then/later

33
Q

Inversion y no inversion:
NO LOGRARON SUS OBJETIVOS HASTA EL FINAL DEL SEMESTRE

A

THEY DID NOT ACCOMPLISH THEIR GOALS UNTIL THE END OF THE SEMESTRE

NOT UNTIL THE END OF THE SEMESTRE DID THEY ACCOMPLISH THEIR GOALS

NOT ONCE/NOT SINCE / NOT UNTIL

34
Q

Inversion y no inversion:
LA MAYORÍA DE ELLOS NO HA MONTADO EN BICICLETA DESDE MAYO

A

MOST OF THEM HAVE NOT RIDDEN A BIKE SINCE MAY

NOT SINCE MAY HAVE MOST OF THEM RIDDEN A BIKE

NOT ONCE/NOT SINCE / NOT UNTIL

35
Q

Inversion y no inversion:
Hacía demasiado calor y tuve que encender el aire acondicionado

A

It was too hot and had to turn on the air conditioning
Such was the heat that we had to turn on the air conditioning

36
Q

Inversion y no inversion:
Anna fue muy amable conmigo y la invité a comer

A

Anna was very nice to me and I invited her to lunch
So nice was Anna that I invited her to lunch

37
Q

Inversion y no inversion:
Apenas había salido de casa cuando estalló la tormenta.

A

He had hardly/barely left the house when the storm broke.
Hardly HAD HE LEFT THE HOUSE WHEN THE STORM BROKE.

38
Q

Inversion y no inversion:
Nunca antes me habían pedido que aceptara un soborno.

A

I have never before been asked to accept a bribe.
Never before HAVE I BEEN ASKED TO ACCEPT A BRIBE.

39
Q

Inversion y no inversion:
En cuanto salió de la casa, estalló la tormenta. En el momento en que había ….

A

As soon as he had left the house the storm broke. The moment he had ….
No sooner HAD HE LEFT THE HOUSE THAN THE STORM BROKE.

40
Q

Inversion y no inversion:
Este interruptor no debe ser tocado bajo ningún concepto.

A

This switch must not be touched on any account.
On no account MUST THIS SWITCH BE TOUCHED.

41
Q

Inversion y no inversion:
Rara vez tiene dinero de sobra.

A

She rarely has any money to spare.
Rarely DOES SHE HAVE ANY MONEY TO SPARE.

42
Q

Inversion y no inversion:
Casi no habla con nadie.

A

He hardly/barely speaks/talks to anyone.
Hardly/barely DOES HE SPEAK TO ANYONE.

43
Q

Inversion y no inversion:
Pocas veces la nación se ha enfrentado a tales dificultades.

A

The nation has seldom been faced with such difficulties.
Seldom HAS THE NATION BEEN FACED WITH SUCH DIFFICULTIES.
Rarely has the nation faced such difficulties.

44
Q

Inversion y no inversion:
Apenas habían empezado a jugar al tenis cuando empezó a llover.

A

They had hardly/barely started playing tennis when it began to rain.
Hardly/barely HAD THEY STARTED PLAYING TENNIS WHEN IT BEGAN TO RAIN.

45
Q

Inversion y no inversion:
Pocas veces un padre ha sacrificado tanto por su hijo.

A

A father has seldom sacrificed so much for his child.
Seldom HAS A FATHER SACRIFICED SO MUCH FOR HIS CHILD.
Rarely has a father sacrificed so much for his son.

46
Q

Inversion y no inversion:
Había un gran número de estudiantes haciendo cola, así que decidimos trasladarlos a otra sala

A

There was a large number of students queueing so we decided to move them to another room
Such was the number of students queueing that we decided to move them to another room

47
Q

Inversion y no inversion:
Los profesores nunca deberían poner deberes los fines de semana.

A

Teachers should never assign homework on weekends.

On no condition/By no means/under no circumstances should teachers assign homework on weekends.

48
Q

Inversion y no inversion:
El gobierno decidió aprobar una nueva ley, y en el momento en que se aprobó, la oposición la desaprobó.

A

The government decided to pass a new law, and the moment it was passed, the opposition frown upon it.

No sooner had the government passed the law than (también se puede when, pero se ve menos) the opposition frown upon it.

ES HAD PORQUE ES UN MOMENTO PASADO ANTERIOR A OTRO MOMENTO

49
Q

Inversión.
Nada más salir de casa de mis padres me di cuenta de lo que esperaba.

A

No sooner had I left my parents’ than I realized as I expected.

50
Q

No hay inversiones con…

A

As soon ass
The moment
When

51
Q

Inversion y no inversion:
Sólo cuando se viaja al extranjero, se descubre que las cosas son diferentes.

A

It is only when you travel abroad that you discover/realize that things are different.

Only when you -leave you country/travel abroad- will you discover/realize things are different.

52
Q

Inversion y no inversion:

Bajo ningún concepto puedes volver después de medianoche.

A

You may not return after midnight on any account.

On no account MAY YOU RETURN AFTER MIDNIGHT.

53
Q

Inversion y no inversion:

No dejaría de escribir sus sátiras bajo ninguna circunstancia.

A

He would not give up writing his satires under any circumstances.

Under no circumstances WOULD HE GIVE UP WRITING HIS SATIRES

54
Q

Inversion y no inversion:
Sólo se dio cuenta del peligro que había corrido cuando leyó el periódico a la mañana siguiente.

A

He realized the danger he had been in only after he had read the newspaper the following morning.

Only after HE HAD READ THE NEWSPAPER THE FOLLOWING MORNING DID HE REALISE THE DANGER HE HAD BEEN IN.

55
Q

Inversion y no inversion:
No pudieron evaluar los daños hasta que las inundaciones disminuyeron.

A

They were not able to assess the damage until the floods had subsided.

Not until THE FLOODS HAD SUBSIDED WERE THEY ABLE TO ASSESS THE DAMAGE.

56
Q

Inversion y no inversion:
Sólo se queda en la cama si está gravemente enfermo.

A

He only stays in bed if he is seriously ill.
Only if HE IS SERIOUSLY ILL DOES HE STAY IN BED.

57
Q

Inversion y no inversion:
Sólo entonces nos dimos cuenta de lo mucho que había sufrido.

A

We only then realized how much he had suffered.

Only then DID WE REALISE HOW MUCH HE HAD SUFFERED.

58
Q

Inversion y no inversion:
Sólo pudo hacer el ejercicio con un gran esfuerzo.

A

He was only able to do the exercise with a great deal of effort.

Only WITH A GREAT DEAL OF EFFORT WAS HE ABLE TO DO THE EXERCISE.

59
Q

Inversion y no inversion:

No logró obtener el permiso hasta que ella se calmó.

A

He didn’t manage to get permission until she had calmed down.

Not until SHE HAD CALMED DOWN DID HE MANAGE TO GET PERMISSION.

60
Q

Inversion y no inversion:

Ningún director ha hecho una película de ciencia ficción tan intelectualmente desafiante desde el 2001 de Kubrick.

A

No director has made such an intellectually challenging sci-fi movie since Kubrick’s2001.

Not since KUBRICK’S 2001 HAS ANY DIRECTOR MADE SUCH AN INTELLECTUALLY CHALLENGING SCI-FI MOVIE.

61
Q

Inversion y no inversion:
Se volvió tan desconfiado que ni siquiera confiaba en su familia.

A

He became so suspicious that he didn’t even trust his family.

So suspicious DID HE BECOME THAT HE DIDN’T EVEN TRUST HIS FAMILY.

62
Q

Inversion y no inversion:
Estaba tan ansioso por empezar una nueva vida que incluso se cambió el nombre.

A

He was so anxious to start a new life that he actually changed his name.
So anxious WAS HE TO START A NEW LIFE THAT HE ACTUALLY CHANGED HIS NAME

63
Q

Inversion y no inversion:
Sólo pudo hacerse oír gritando a pleno pulmón.

A

He could only make himself heard by shouting at the top of his voice.
Only by SHOUTING AT THE TOP OF HIS VOICE COULD HE MAKE HIMSELF HEARD.

64
Q

Inversion y no inversion:
Se rió tanto que las lágrimas rodaron por sus mejillas.

A

He laughed so much that tears rolled down his cheeks.
So much DID HE LAUGH THAT TEARS ROLLED DOWN HIS CHEEKS.

65
Q

Inversion y no inversion:

Su negocio tuvo tanto éxito que Marie pudo jubilarse a los 50 años.

A

Her business was so successful that Marie was able to retire at the age of 50.

So successful WAS HER BUSINESS THAT MARIE WAS ABLE TO RETIRE AT THE AGE OF 50.

66
Q

Inversion y no inversion:

Si no está satisfecho con nuestro producto, le devolveremos su dinero.

A

If you were less than delighted with our product, we will refund your money immediately

Were YOU LESS THAN DELIGHTED WITH OUR PRODUCT, WE WILL REFUND YOUR MONEY IMMEDIATELY.

67
Q

Inversion y no inversion:

Si aceptara nuestra oferta, podríamos evitar los costes de un proceso judicial.

A

If you were to accept our offer, we could avoid the costs of a court case.

Were YOU TO ACCEPT OUR OFFER, WE COULD AVOID THE COSTS OF A COURT CASE.

68
Q

Inversion y no inversion:

Si los constructores terminaran su trabajo según lo previsto, recibirían una bonificación.

A

If the builders were to finish their work to schedule, they would receive a bonus. (Se podría finished)

Were THE BUILDERS TO FINISH THEIR WORK TO SCHEDULE, THEY WOULD RECEIVE A BONUS.

69
Q

Inversion y no inversion:

Si los billetes no llegaran antes de la fecha de salida, nos encargaríamos de tener duplicados esperando en el aeropuerto.

A

If the tickets should fail to arrive before the departure date, we would arrange to have duplicates waiting at the airport.

Should THE TICKETS FAIL TO ARRIVE BEFORE THE DEPARTURE DATE, WE WOULD ARRANGE TO HAVE DUPLICATES WAITING AT THE AIRPORT.

70
Q

Inversion y no inversion:
Si la película se hubiera estrenado en verano, no habría tenido tanto éxito.

A

If the film had been released in the summer, it would not have been so successful.

Had THE FILM BEEN RELEASED IN THE SUMMER, IT WOULD NOT HAVE BEEN SUCCESSFUL.

71
Q

Inversion y no inversion:
No tenía dinero y su hermana tampoco.

A

He had no money and his sister didn’t have any either.

He had no money, neither / nor DID HIS SISTER.

C1 - Palix (10 decks)

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