Invention of inventing

Question 1

Who was Alexander? Where did he come from?

Answer 1

A rotten student of Aristotle, became a great military leader. From Macedon.

Question 2

Why was Macedon so prosperous?

Answer 2

• Good farming
• Lots of gold, wealth
• Put that wealth into army

Question 3

Who was Alexander’s father? What was he like?

Answer 3

Philip II. Nasty fellow, a drunk, killed loads of people. Assassinated in 336 BC.

Question 4

What did Philip II try to capture? Why was this so difficult?

Answer 4

• All of Greece.

- Not one country, just a bunch of city states.

Question 5

What was the first act Alexander performed as King?

Answer 5

Slaughter his entire family.

Question 6

What was the second act Alexander performed as King?

Answer 6

Captured Athens.

Question 7

What was the Hellenistic period?

Answer 7

Period where everywhere Alexander conquered he assimilated Greek culture there.

Question 8

What was the biggest empire at the time of Alexander? What happened when he first tried to fight this empire and when? After the first time?

Answer 8

• Persia.
• 334 BC: Failed miserably, only managed to have 30,000 men fight against 200,000 - 800,000 Persian soldiers.
• Would eventually take Persia.

Question 9

What empire did Alexander take from Persia in 332 BC?

Answer 9

Egypt.

Question 10

How did Egypt react to Alexandrian rule?

Answer 10

Loved it, since they hated Persia so much. Made Alexander a living god/pharaoh.

Question 11

What did Alexander declare the new capital of Egypt?

Answer 11

Alexandria.

Question 12

What ancient wonder was located in Alexandria?

Answer 12

Great lighthouse.

Question 13

How, when, and where did Alexander die?

Answer 13

Drunkenness, Babylon, in 323 BC.

Question 14

How was Alexander’s empire divided after his death?

Answer 14

Between his generals, one to rule each city.

Question 15

Which general was left in charge of Alexandria?

Answer 15

Ptolemy I.

Question 16

What did Ptolemy open in Alexandria?

Answer 16

First research institute, ‘Mouseion”, this included the library of Alexandria. Also made a second and backup library.

Question 17

How many books/texts were in the library of Alexandria?

Answer 17

Around 1 million.

Question 18

How was the library of Alexandria destroyed the first time?

Answer 18

From a fire, due to civil war. 272 AD. Backup library survived.

Question 19

How was the library of Alexandria destroyed the second time?

Answer 19

Christians burned it down, 391 AD. Couldn’t burn it all

Question 20

Who rediscovered the library of Alexandria after the second destroying?

Answer 20

The Arabs, 642 AD. destroyed some texts, not all. kept what they needed.

Question 21

Who was Eratosthenes?

Answer 21

Teacher/director of the great library. First to calculate circumference of the earth. Invented chronology.

Question 22

Who was Heron?

Answer 22

Teacher and inventor who said “it wasn’t my work, it was the work of others”.

Question 23

What was Pneumatica and who wrote it?

Answer 23

Heron wrote it, it was a textbook for his students.

Question 24

How was Anatomy viewed in ancient cultures?

Answer 24

A big no-no, could not disturb the dead bodies.

Question 25

How long was anatomy studied in ancient cultures and where?

Answer 25

For only 50 years, in Alexandria.

Question 26

What did Ptolemy have to do with anatomical studies in Alexandria?

Answer 26

Supported it, provided:

• Funds
• Facilities
• Provided subjects

Question 27

Who was Herophilus?

Answer 27

Experimented with brain and invented neuroanatomy.

Question 28

Who was Erasistratus?

Answer 28

Proposed that the heart acts as a pump, made an argument about intelligence coming from the brain.

Question 29

Why was the study of anatomy ended?

Answer 29

• Always was untraditional
• No need for more, Herophilus and Erasistratus had everything needed.
• No use for such knowledge, used 4 humours

Question 30

What were the 4 humours used in the theory of the 4 humours?

Answer 30

1. Blood (hot wet)
2. Yellow bile (hot dry)
3. Black bile (cold dry)
4. Phlegm (cold wet)

Question 31

What was a Hodos?

Answer 31

A theoretical tube connecting female reproductive organs with mouth/nose.

Question 32

What was the garlic experiment?

Answer 32

Put garlic in the vagina, see if breath smells bad. If so, everything’s all good (pipe’s clear), if not, pipe is clogged up.