Invention of inventing Flashcards
Who was Alexander? Where did he come from?
A rotten student of Aristotle, became a great military leader. From Macedon.
Why was Macedon so prosperous?
- Good farming
- Lots of gold, wealth
- Put that wealth into army
Who was Alexander’s father? What was he like?
Philip II. Nasty fellow, a drunk, killed loads of people. Assassinated in 336 BC.
What did Philip II try to capture? Why was this so difficult?
- All of Greece.
- Not one country, just a bunch of city states.
What was the first act Alexander performed as King?
Slaughter his entire family.
What was the second act Alexander performed as King?
Captured Athens.
What was the Hellenistic period?
Period where everywhere Alexander conquered he assimilated Greek culture there.
What was the biggest empire at the time of Alexander? What happened when he first tried to fight this empire and when? After the first time?
- Persia.
- 334 BC: Failed miserably, only managed to have 30,000 men fight against 200,000 - 800,000 Persian soldiers.
- Would eventually take Persia.
What empire did Alexander take from Persia in 332 BC?
Egypt.
How did Egypt react to Alexandrian rule?
Loved it, since they hated Persia so much. Made Alexander a living god/pharaoh.
What did Alexander declare the new capital of Egypt?
Alexandria.
What ancient wonder was located in Alexandria?
Great lighthouse.
How, when, and where did Alexander die?
Drunkenness, Babylon, in 323 BC.
How was Alexander’s empire divided after his death?
Between his generals, one to rule each city.
Which general was left in charge of Alexandria?
Ptolemy I.
What did Ptolemy open in Alexandria?
First research institute, ‘Mouseion”, this included the library of Alexandria. Also made a second and backup library.
How many books/texts were in the library of Alexandria?
Around 1 million.
How was the library of Alexandria destroyed the first time?
From a fire, due to civil war. 272 AD. Backup library survived.
How was the library of Alexandria destroyed the second time?
Christians burned it down, 391 AD. Couldn’t burn it all
Who rediscovered the library of Alexandria after the second destroying?
The Arabs, 642 AD. destroyed some texts, not all. kept what they needed.
Who was Eratosthenes?
Teacher/director of the great library. First to calculate circumference of the earth. Invented chronology.
Who was Heron?
Teacher and inventor who said “it wasn’t my work, it was the work of others”.
What was Pneumatica and who wrote it?
Heron wrote it, it was a textbook for his students.
How was Anatomy viewed in ancient cultures?
A big no-no, could not disturb the dead bodies.
How long was anatomy studied in ancient cultures and where?
For only 50 years, in Alexandria.
What did Ptolemy have to do with anatomical studies in Alexandria?
Supported it, provided:
- Funds
- Facilities
- Provided subjects
Who was Herophilus?
Experimented with brain and invented neuroanatomy.
Who was Erasistratus?
Proposed that the heart acts as a pump, made an argument about intelligence coming from the brain.
Why was the study of anatomy ended?
- Always was untraditional
- No need for more, Herophilus and Erasistratus had everything needed.
- No use for such knowledge, used 4 humours
What were the 4 humours used in the theory of the 4 humours?
- Blood (hot wet)
- Yellow bile (hot dry)
- Black bile (cold dry)
- Phlegm (cold wet)
What was a Hodos?
A theoretical tube connecting female reproductive organs with mouth/nose.
What was the garlic experiment?
Put garlic in the vagina, see if breath smells bad. If so, everything’s all good (pipe’s clear), if not, pipe is clogged up.
