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BPK 326 > Introductory to Anatomy > Flashcards

Introductory to Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Sytemic

A

System
Nervous
Circulatory
Respiratory

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2
Q

Regional

A

Leg

Arm

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3
Q

Clinical

A

Pathology

Disease

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4
Q

Comparative

A

Using rabbits to compare

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5
Q

What are the four approaches to studying?

A

Systemic
Regional
Clinical
Comparative

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6
Q

What is the colloquial term for clavicle?

A

Collar Bone

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7
Q

What is the colloquial term for pharyngotympanic tube?

A

Eustachian tube

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8
Q

What is the colloquial term for laryngeal prominence?

A

Adam’s Apple

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9
Q

Describe the anatomical position

A

Erect posture
Hands at side
Palms and feet facing forward

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10
Q

Supine Position

A

Lying face up

Study tip: Supine sounds like spine

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11
Q

Prone Position

A

Lying face down

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12
Q

Superior is also known as?

A

Rostral (Above)

Toward the beak

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13
Q

Inferior is also known as?

A

Caudal (Below)

Toward the tail bone

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14
Q

Anterior is also known as

A

Ventral (in front of)

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15
Q

Posterior is also known as

A

Dorsal (Behind)

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16
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline of the body

17
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline of the body

18
Q

Superficial

A

Towards the surface

19
Q

Deep

A

Away from the surface

20
Q

Proximal

A

Close to the trunk

21
Q

Distal

A

Away from the trunk

22
Q

Name the 10 anatomical directions

A
  1. Superior (Rostral)
  2. Inferior (Caudal)
  3. Anterior (Ventral)
  4. Posterior (Dorsal)
  5. Lateral
  6. Medial
  7. Superficial
  8. Deep
    9 Proximal
  9. Distal
23
Q

What are the two anatomical descriptors specific to the hands and feet?
Which one applies to the hands and which one applies to the feet?

A 
Palmar versus dorsal - Hands
 Dorsal Surface (Back of hand) - Posterior hand
 Palmer Surface (Palm of hand) - Anterior hand
**Always assume anatomical position**
Plantar versus dorsal - Feet
 Dorsal Surface (Top of the foot) - Superior foot surface
 Plantar Surface (Sole of foot) - Inferior foot surface
24
Q

What are the anatomical planes?

A

Sagittal or Longitudinal: Into left and right half
(Mid)sagittal or medial: Midline
Parasagittal: Off midline
Frontal or Coronal: Anterior/Posterior halves (Front/back)
Transverse(Axial) or horizontal(Cross-section): Superior and inferior half
Oblique: At an angle to any of the planes

25
Q

Flexion

Extension

A

Flexion: Decreasing angle of a joint @ anatomical position
Extension: Increasing angle of a joint at anatomical position

26
Q

Abduction
Adduction

Medial (Internal) Rotation
Lateral (External) Rotation

A

Abduction: Moving away from the midline
Adduction: Toward the midling (Adding to the midline)

Medial (Internal) Rotation: Rotating anterior surface of arm to posterior

Lateral (External) Rotation: Rotating posterior surface of arm to anterior

27
Q

What are the anatomical terms of movement? There are 6. Two pairs of special terms

A 
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Medial (Internal) Rotation
Lateral (External) Rotation

Special terms:
Retrusion/Protrusion
Protraction/Retraction

28
Q

Retrusion

Protrusion

A

Both are movement of the jaw

29
Q

Protraction

Retraction

A

Both are movement of the scapula

30
Q

Hand movements

Thumb movement

A

Flexion/Extension
Opposition/Reposition
Supination/Pronation
Abduction/Adduction

Thumb:
Abduction/Adduction
Flexion/Extension

31
Q

Circumduction

A

Circular movement of lower limb at hip joint

32
Q

Foot movements

A

Dorsiflexion/Plantarflexion

Inversion/Eversion

33
Q

Trunk movement

A

Lateral bending: Flexion/Extension

Rotation

34
Q

Shoulder

A

Elevation/Depression

35
Q

Thoracic flexion condition is also known as

A

Text Neck

36
Q

What is Radiological Orientation and what is it used for?

A

Radiological Orientation

  • Images are oriented as if you are looking at a patient lying supine from the feet up. Patient is supine, and you’re standing by their feet.
  • Their left side of the body is your right side
  • is inferior
37
Q

X-Rays (Radiography)

A

Radiography (X-ray)

  • Density dependent
  • Radiographic film –> Radiographic densities
    • Denser –> Light
    • Less dense –> Dark
    • E.g. Bone (Dense)–> Light/Bright, Air (Less dense) –> Black
  • Penetrates opaque substances (ie. Body)
  • Radiographs can be resolves in 5 densities
    • Metal/Contrast agents > Bone > Soft Tissues > Fat > Air
  • Contrast agents are used to improve soft tissue resolution over conventional radiography (Ie. BArium enema)
38
Q

Computed Tomography (CT)

A
  • Dependent on density
  • Uses X-rays
  • Better soft tissue resolution
  • 3D Slice
    • Digital Transverse Axial
  • Getting Faster & Cheaper
  • Usually in transverse plane
  • Much better for imaging soft tissue than conventional radiography
  • Is much better for soft tissue than X-ray
  • Much faster and less expensive than MRI
  • Can be performed in people with metal implants (Unlike MRI)
  • provides less anatomical resolution than MRI

Dense (Hyperdense) to least dense (Hypodense)
Bone > Congealed Blood > Grey matter > White matter > CSF > Water > Fat > Air

39
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A
  • Not based on density
  • Tissue contrast based on proton behaviour (water & fat content)
  • Provides best anatomical resolution
  • Will rip out any metal in the body

BPK 326 (12 decks)

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