Clinical Anatomy of the shoulder

Question 1

What are the four joints of the shoulder?

There’s 5 in total

Answer 1

Acromioclavicular joint
Sternoclavicular joint
Scapulothoracic joint
Glenohumeral joint
Coracoclavicular joint

Question 2

Supraspinatous

Answer 2

O: Supraspinous fossa
I: Greater tuberosity of the humerus
A: Abducts the arm at the GHJ, Externally rotates the arm at the GHJ
I: Subscapular nerve (C5-C6: Proximal to lateral cord)

Question 3

Infraspinatous

Answer 3

O: Infraspinous fossa
I: Greater tuberosity of the humerus
A: Externally rotates the arm at the GHJ
I: Subscapular nerve (C5-C6: Proximal to lateral cord)

Question 4

Teres Minor

Answer 4

O: Lateral border of the scapula
I: Greater tuberosity of the humerus
A: Modulates the action of the Deltoid to prevent the humerus head from sliding upwards during abduction
I: Axillary nerve (C5-C6)

Question 5

Subscapularis

Answer 5

O: Subscapular Fossa
I: Lesser tubercle of the humerus
A: Internal rotation the arm at the GHJ
I: Subscapular nerve (C5-C6: Posterior cord)

Question 6

Coracobrachialis

Answer 6

O: Coracoid process of the scapula
I: Body of the humerus
A: Flexion of the arm at the GHJ, Adducts the arm at the GHJ
I: Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 7

Deltoids

Answer 7

I: Axillary nerve (C5-C6)

3 Heads:
Anterior (Clavicular) head
O: Lateral clavical
I: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
A: Flexes the arm at the GHJ, Medially rotates the arm at the GHJ

Middle (Acromial) head
O: Acromion
I: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
A: Abducts the arm at the GHJ

Posterior (Spinous) head
O: Spine of scapula
I: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
A: Extends the arm at the GHJ, Externally(Laterally) rotates the arm at the GHJ

Question 8

Teres Major

Answer 8

O: Inferior angle of the scapula
I: Medial lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus
A: Interal rotation of the arm at the GHJ, Extends the arm at the GHJ, Adducts the arm at the GHJ
I: Subscapular nerve (C5-C6: Posterior cord)

Question 9

Movement of the Scapula

Answer 9

Elevation
Depression
Retraction
Protraction
Upward rotation (lateral rotation)
Downward rotation (Medial rotation)

Question 10

What are some anatomical features that helps improve stability of the GHJ

Answer 10

Articular cartilage
Fibrous joint capsule
Synovial membrane
Joint cavity (Contains the synovial fluid)

Question 11

Dilatant

Answer 11

Viscosity increases with shear stress

Question 12

Rheopectic

Answer 12

Viscosity increases with time under shear stress Synonymous with Pseudoplastic fluid

Question 13

Bingham plastic

Answer 13

Viscoplastic material that behaves as a rigid body at low stresses but flows as a viscous fluid at high stress

Question 14

SLAP tear

Answer 14

Occurs where the bicep tendon attaches to the labrum

Question 15

In addiction to the articular capsule, what ligaments helps to stabilize the GHJ?

Answer 15

Coracohumeral ligament
Glenohumeral ligaments (3)
Transverse humeral ligament
Acromioclavicualr ligament
Coracoclaviluar ligament
-conoid
-trapezoid

Question 16

Subacromial Impingement

Answer 16

Possible rotator cuff lesions:
Supraspinatus
Subscapularis

Pain at 60-120 degree of abduction

When the arm is abducted past 90 degrees, the greater tuberosity of the humerus compresses the rotator cuff against the acromion causing pain and decreased motion in the shoulder

One of the most common shoulder problem

Question 17

Subacromial Bursitis

Answer 17

With arm abducted, the bursa is squashed

Question 18

Dislocated shoudler

Answer 18

Shoulder dislocation is described by where the humeral head lies in relation too the infraglenoid tubercle
Anterior dislocation is the most common

Question 19

Shoulder separation

Answer 19

Condition 1: Minor tears of the acromioclavicular ligament
Condition 2: Separation of the acromioclavicular ligament
Condition 3: Separation of the acromioclavicular ligament & coracoclavicular ligaments