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BPK 326 > Anatomy of the arm and forearm > Flashcards

Anatomy of the arm and forearm Flashcards

1
Q

Axillary nerve injury results in

A

Loss of deltoid contour
Weakness in abduction (start of abduction is still present)
Weakness of flexion of the arm a the GHJ
Weakness of internal and external rotation of the arm at the GHJ
Weakness of extension of the arm at the GHJ

Anterior shoulder dislocation

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2
Q

Biceps Brachii

A

Two heads
Long head: Lays lateral to the short head (LL- long lateral)
O: Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
I: Radial tuberosity (on the radius)
A: Flexes the forearm at the elbow, Supinates the forearm at the elbow, weakly flexes the arm at the shoulder
I: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C7)

Short head: Lies medial to the long head of the biceps
O: Coracoid process
I: Bicipital aponeurosis and fascia of the medial forearm
A: Flexes the forearm at the elbow, Supinates the forearm at the elbow
I: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C7)

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3
Q

Brachialis

A

O: Body of the humerus
I: Ulnar tuberosity (on the ulna)
A: Flexes the forearm at the elbow
I: Musculoutanrous nerve, radial nerve

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4
Q

Triceps Brachii

A 
Three heads
Lateral head: Most lateral
O: Body of the humerus
I: Posterior Olecranon process of the ulna
A: Extends the arm at the elbow
I: Radial Nerve (C7-C8)

Long head: Most medial
O: Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
I: Posterior Olecranon process of the ulna
A: Extends the arm at the elbow, Extends the arm at the shoulder
I: Radial nerve (C7-C8)

Medial head: Most deep
O: Body of the humerus, inferior to the radial groove (radial nerve)
I: Posterior olecranon process (on the ulna, it articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus)
A: Extends the forearm at the elbow
I: Radial nerve (C7-C8)

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5
Q

Venous drainage of the upper limbs

A

Axillary vein –> Subclavian vein –> Brachiocephallic vein –>Superior vena cava (SVC)

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6
Q

The arm contains three large veins, list them from most lateral to medial

A 
Cephalic vein (Lateral)
Brachial vein ( Middle)
Basilic vein (Medial)
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7
Q

Proximal radioulnar joint

A

Articulation of of the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna.

Radial head is held in place by the annular ligament (rotates within the annular ligament)

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8
Q

Distal radioulnar joint

A

Articulation of the ulnar head and the ulnar notch of the radius.

Articular disk links the radius and the ulna. Anterior and posterior stabilizing ligaments.

Ulnar notch of the radius slides anteriorly over the head of the ulna to produce pronation.

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9
Q

What separates the muscles of the forearm into flexor/pronator (Anteriorly) and extensor/supinator (Posteriorly) compartments?

A

The interossesous membrane

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10
Q

Anterior compartment of the forearm

A

Flexors and pronators
Divided into superficial, intermediate, and deep layer
Many originate at the medial epicondyle of the humerus
Innervated by the median and ulnar nerve

Superficial (lateral to medial):
Pronator Teres
Flexor Carpi Radialis (FCR)
Palmaris Longus
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (FCU)

Intermediate:
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Deep (lateral to medial):
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Pronator Quadratus

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11
Q

Pronator Teres

A

O: Medial Epicondyle of the humerus
I: Lateral surface of the radius
A: Pronates the forearm at the elbow, Weakly flexes the forearm at the elbow
I: Median nerve

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12
Q

Flexor Carpi Radialis

A

O: Medial Epicondyle of the humerus
I: Base of the second metacarpal
A: Flexes the hand at the wrist, abducts the hand at the wrist (Radial deviation)
I: Median nerve

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13
Q

Palmaris Longus

A

O: Medial Epicondyle of the humerus
I: Palmar Aponeurosis
A: Flexes the hand at the wrist, Weakly flexes the forearm at the elbow, Tenses the palmar aponeurosis
I: Median nerve

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14
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

A

O: Medial Epicondyle of the humerus, olecrenon of the ulna
I: Base of the fifth metacarpal, hook of the hamate, pisiform bone
A: Flexes the hand at the wrist
I: Ulnar nerve

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15
Q

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

A

Arises in two heads

O: Medial Epicondyle of the humerus; Coranoid process of the ulna, Upper surface of the radius
I: Middle phalanges of the hand
A: Flexes the middle phalanges, Flexes the hand at the wrist, Weakly flexes the forearm at the elbow
I: Median nerve

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16
Q

Flexor Pollicis Longus

A

O: Anterior surface of the radius; Interosseus membrane
I: Distal phalange of the thumb
A: Abducts the thumb (radial deviation); Flexes the hand at the wrist, Flexes the thumb
I: Median nerve

17
Q

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

A

O: Anterior surface of the ulna, interosseus membrane
I: Distal phalanges of digits 2-5
A: Flexes the hand at the wrist, Flexes the fingers (flexes the tips of the fingers)
I: Median nerve, Ulnar nerve (medial half)

18
Q

Posterior Compartment of the forearm

A

Divided into superficial and deep

Superficial (lateral to medial):
Brachioradialis
Extensor Carpi Radialis (ECR) Longus
Extensor Carpi Radialis (ECR) Brevis
Extensor Digitorum
Extensor Digiti Minimi
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Anconeus
Deep (lateral to medial):
Supinator
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Extensor Pollicis Longus
Extestor Indicis
19
Q

Brachioradialis

A

O: Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
I: Styloid process of the radius
A: Flex the arm at the elbow, Pronates and supinates the arm at the elbow
I: Radial nerve

20
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

A

O: Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
I: Base of the second metacarpal
A: Extends the hand at the wrist; Abducts the hand at the wrist
I: Radial nerve

21
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

A

O: Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
I: Base of the third metacarpal
A: Flexes the hand at the wrist; Abducts the hand at the wrist
I: Radial nerve

22
Q

Extensor Digitorum

A

O: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
I: Bases of the distal and middle phalanges (digits 2-5)
A: Extends the fingers; Abducts the fingers
I: Radial nerve

23
Q

Extensor Digiti Minimi

A

O: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
I: Dorsal aponeurosis of 5th digit
A: Extends the 5th digit; Extends the hand at the wrist
I: Radial nerve

24
Q

Externsor Carpi Ulnaris

A

O: Lateral epicondyl of the humerus; Posterior surface of the ulna
I: Base of the 5th metacarpal
A: Extends the hand at the wrist; Adducts the hand at the wrist (ulnar deviation)
I: Radial nerve

25
Q

Anconeus

A

O: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus; Olecranon of the ulna
I: Olecranon of the ulna
A: Extends the forearm at the elbow
I: Radial nerve

26
Q

Supinator

A

O: Lateral epicondlye of the humerus; Supinator crest of the ulna
I: Posterior surface of the ulna
A: Supinates the forearm at the elbow
I: Radial nerve

27
Q

Abductor Pollicis Longus

A

O: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus; Supinator crest of the ulna
I: Base of the first metacarpal
A: Abducts the thumb; Abducts the hand at the wrist (Radial deviation)
I: Radial nerve

28
Q

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

A

O: Posterior surface of the radius; Interosseus membrane
I: Base of the 1st proximal phalanx
A: Extends the thumb, Abducts the hand at the wrist
I: Radial nerve

29
Q

Extensor Pollicis Longus

A

O: Posterior surface of the ulna; Interosseus membrane
I: Base of 1st distal phalanx
A: Extends the thumb; Abduct the hand at the wrist; Extends the hand at the wrist
I: Radial nerve

30
Q

Extensor Indices

A

O: Posterior surface of the ulna; Interosseus membrane
I: Distal aponeurosis of the 2nd digit
A: Extend the 2nd digit; Extends the hand at the wrist
I: Radial nerve

31
Q

Fascial componenets of the forearm

A

Bicipital aponeurosis
Antebrachial fascia
Palmer Carpal Ligament
Transverse Carpal Ligament (Flexor retinaculum)

32
Q

Carpal Tunnel

A

Bound by carpal bones and overlying flexor retinaculum

Contains 9 tendons and the median nerve

33
Q

Carpal Bones

A 
Lateral to Medial
Proximal row:
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Distal Row:
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate 
Hamate

BPK 326 (12 decks)

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