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BMS 242 Core Physiology and Pharmacology > Introductory Lecture > Flashcards

Introductory Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main component of the cell membrane

A

proteins

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2
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane

A

divide intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments

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3
Q

Where is the sodium concentration low

A

intracellular fluid

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4
Q

Where is the potassium concentration low

A

extracellular fluid

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5
Q

Why do cells have a high level of phosphate in the intracellular fluid of the cell

A

ATP

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6
Q

What is an important function of calcium

A

secondary messenger

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7
Q

Where is calcium concentration low

A

intracellular fluid

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8
Q

What is sodium important for the function of

A

electrically excitable cells

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9
Q

Which ions concentration can vary between cell types

A

chloride

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10
Q

Which has more proteins - plasma or interstitial fluid

A

plasma

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11
Q

What is an important pH buffer

A

bicarbonate

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12
Q

What is a positively charged ion called

A

cation

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13
Q

Give examples of anions

A

phosphate, chloride, proteins and bicarbonate

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14
Q

Why is transport of solutes and ions important

A

critical for function of all cells

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15
Q

How many pathways of transport are there

A

3

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16
Q

What are the three pathways of transport

A

diffusion, transport proteins, and endocytosis

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17
Q

Example of simple diffusion

A

oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs

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18
Q

What do transport proteins move across the membrane

A

small molecules and ions

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19
Q

Name an example of exocytosis

A

release of neurotransmitters at the synapse

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20
Q

What are the three basic types of protein transporters

A

channel, carrier and pump

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21
Q

True or False - channels are NOT gated

A

false

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22
Q

Name an example of a carrier transporter

A

sodium glucose co transport protein

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23
Q

Name an example of a pump

A

sodium potassium ATPase

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24
Q

Which is a high energy transport protein - channels, carriers or pumps

A

Pumps

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25
Q

What allows pump transport proteins to function

A

hydrolysation of ATP

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26
Q

which transporters are passive

A

channels and carriers

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27
Q

What do channels and carriers require in order to work

A

driving force

28
Q

What sets up the driving force for channels and carriers

A

sodium potassium ATPase

29
Q

TRUE or FALSE - sodium moves against its electrochemical gradient into the cell

30
Q

True or False - movement of ions by ATPases is fast

31
Q

Why is the movement of ions by ATPases slow

A

ATP requires extra processing

32
Q

How does binding occur in active transport

A

hydrolysis of ATP leads to conformational change

33
Q

Give an example of a ubiquitous transport protein

A

sodium potassium ATPase

34
Q

Describe the structure of the sodium potassium ATPase

A

tetramer with four subunits - 2 alpha, 2 beta

35
Q

How many genes code for the sodium potassium ATPase

36
Q

what is the role of the sodium potassium ATPase

A

maintain a low intracellular sodium concentration, small contribution to resting membrane potential

37
Q

electrogenic definition

A

charge generating or carry

38
Q

True or False - ALL ion channels are electrogenic

39
Q

what can a driving force be

A

conc grad, potential grad, or both

40
Q

Name some carriers undergo facilitated diffusion

A

NKCC2, Sodium glucose co transport protein, NaPII

41
Q

Example of secondary active transport protein

A

sodium glucose co-transport protein

42
Q

meaning of secondary active transport protein

A

dependant on an ATP process, doesnt use ATP itself

43
Q

Effect of blocking sodium potassium ATPase

A

inhibition of sodium and glucose into the cell

44
Q

Why does the rate of uptake plateau in the saturation curve

A

maximum number of transport proteins at full capacity

45
Q

Describe a symporter

A

transports two ions in the same direction

46
Q

Describe an antiporter

A

transports two ions in different directions

47
Q

How can you study ion channel function

A

studying the current generated by ions moving through ion channels

48
Q

Describe the movement of ions through ion channels

A

through a pore down an electrochemical gradient

49
Q

Which is the fastest transport protein

A

ion channels

50
Q

How are ion channels divided

A

selectivity

51
Q

What did Nehr and Sakman do

A

patch clamp technique - nobel prize

52
Q

What does the patch-clamp technique allow

A

directly measure the function of ion channels

53
Q

What are the components of the patch clamp technique

A

silver chlorided electrode, salt solution

54
Q

What is cell attached configuration

A

high resistance seal between membrane and glass

55
Q

What does the patch clamp technique allow

A

identification of channels in a membrane, their regulation and their function

56
Q

what can the patch clamp technique allow us to study

57
Q

What does whole cell configuration allow you to measure

A

ion flow through channels on the whole cell

58
Q

What does whole cell configuration allow

A

clamping of the potential membrane of the cell

59
Q

What does open probability vary from

60
Q

What does 0 open probability mean

A

channel is closed all the time, never opens

61
Q

What is the effect of regulating the open probability

A

regulates current flow

62
Q

Name the structural families of the channels

A

Ach receptors, voltage gated potassium channel family, voltage gated sodium spanning unit, Kir, CFTR Cl- channel

63
Q

Which structural families do not have a pore domain

A

Ach receptor, CFTR Cl- channel

64
Q

Describe the structure of the K+ channel

A

crystal structure, 4 subunits with central pore down the middle

65
Q

How many ions are in the K+ channel pore at one time

A

always more than one

BMS 242 Core Physiology and Pharmacology (13 decks)

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