Anti-Inflammatory and Immunosuppressant drugs II

Question 1

What is rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 1

auto immune disease

Question 2

Who does rheumatoid arthritis affect

Answer 2

usually women, 40-60 age range

Question 3

What are the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 3

swelling of joints, pain, stiffness in morning, poor sleep

Question 4

What are drugs used to treat rheumatoid arthritis referred to as

Answer 4

DMARDs

Question 5

What is the most common treatment for rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 5

methotrexate

Question 6

What class of drug is methotrexate

Answer 6

antagonist

Question 7

What is the function of methotrexate

Answer 7

suppresses immune system function

Question 8

What is a disadvantage of methotrexate

Answer 8

cytotoxic

Question 9

What is the start of the pathway for rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 9

activated TH1 cells

Question 10

What is the function of activated TH1 cells

Answer 10

activate other immune cells

Question 11

What do macrophages release

Answer 11

IR1 and TNF-a

Question 12

What are IR1 and TNF-a

Answer 12

pro-inflammatory cytokines

Question 13

What does activation of osteoclast and fibroblasts cause

Answer 13

erosion of cartilage, joints and bones

Question 14

What does methotrexate inhibit

Answer 14

activation of TH1 cells

Question 15

What is ciclosporin

Answer 15

immuno suppressant drug

Question 16

What does ciclosporin bind to

Answer 16

cyclophilin

Question 17

Where is cyclophilin found

Answer 17

cytosol

Question 18

What is cyclophilin a member of the family of

Answer 18

immunophilins

Question 19

What is a function of immunophilins

Answer 19

control transcription by binding to calcineurin

Question 20

What is calcineurin

Answer 20

calcium activated phosphatase

Question 21

What is the function of IL2

Answer 21

activates TH1 cells

Question 22

What do immuno-suppressant drugs inhibit

Answer 22

induction phase of inflammatory response

Question 23

What do ciclosporin and glucocorticoids inhibit

Answer 23

transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines

Question 24

What are mab drugs

Answer 24

monoclonal antibody based drugs

Question 25

What is the function of adalimumab

Answer 25

inhibit TNF

Question 26

What is the effect of inhibiting TNF

Answer 26

TNF no longer binds to receptor - immune function reduced

Question 27

Describe decoy receptors

Answer 27

engineer protein that mimics extracellular binding domain of protein

Question 28

What is asthma

Answer 28

chronic inflammatory disease

Question 29

What are the two phases in asthma

Answer 29

early phase - bronchospasm, late phase - inflammation

Question 30

Describe late phase of asthma response

Answer 30

severe, prolonged, combined activity of immune cells

Question 31

What can an allergic reaction to an injected substance cause

Answer 31

anaphalatic shock

Question 32

What is swelling caused by in the late phase of a reaction

Answer 32

infiltration of large number of immune cells

Question 33

What antibody mediates hypersensitivity

Answer 33

IgE

Question 34

Where are mast cells found

Answer 34

skin and mucous surfaces

Question 35

What gives rise to anaphaltic shocks

Answer 35

specialised mast cells - basophils

Question 36

Where are basophils located

Answer 36

blood

Question 37

What is the natural role of IgE

Answer 37

prevent parasitic infections

Question 38

What do mast cells contain

Answer 38

granules

Question 39

What do the granules in mast cells contain

Answer 39

histamine

Question 40

Overactivity of what is associated with asthma

Answer 40

TH2 cells

Question 41

What do TH2 cells interact with

Answer 41

B cells

Question 42

What do B cells produce

Answer 42

antibodies

Question 43

What can asthma be treated with

Answer 43

salbutamol, glucocorticoids

Question 44

What do glucocorticoids inhibit

Answer 44

production of cytokines

Question 45

What happens in early phase reaction

Answer 45

smooth muscle contracts - mediated by release of histamine

Question 46

What increases vascular permeability

Answer 46

release of prostaglandins

Question 47

What is swelling in lungs in early phase reaction caused by

Answer 47

increased vasculature permeability

Question 48

What is secreted immediately during an asthma attack

Answer 48

cytokines and chemokines

Question 49

What treats the immediate phase symptoms of asthma attack

Answer 49

salbutamol

Question 50

Name side effects of chronic steroid use

Answer 50

easy bruising, poor wound healing, increased abdominal fat, hypertension