Anti-Inflammatory and Immunosuppressant drugs II Flashcards
What is rheumatoid arthritis
auto immune disease
Who does rheumatoid arthritis affect
usually women, 40-60 age range
What are the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis
swelling of joints, pain, stiffness in morning, poor sleep
What are drugs used to treat rheumatoid arthritis referred to as
DMARDs
What is the most common treatment for rheumatoid arthritis
methotrexate
What class of drug is methotrexate
antagonist
What is the function of methotrexate
suppresses immune system function
What is a disadvantage of methotrexate
cytotoxic
What is the start of the pathway for rheumatoid arthritis
activated TH1 cells
What is the function of activated TH1 cells
activate other immune cells
What do macrophages release
IR1 and TNF-a
What are IR1 and TNF-a
pro-inflammatory cytokines
What does activation of osteoclast and fibroblasts cause
erosion of cartilage, joints and bones
What does methotrexate inhibit
activation of TH1 cells
What is ciclosporin
immuno suppressant drug
What does ciclosporin bind to
cyclophilin
Where is cyclophilin found
cytosol
What is cyclophilin a member of the family of
immunophilins
What is a function of immunophilins
control transcription by binding to calcineurin
What is calcineurin
calcium activated phosphatase
What is the function of IL2
activates TH1 cells
What do immuno-suppressant drugs inhibit
induction phase of inflammatory response
What do ciclosporin and glucocorticoids inhibit
transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines
What are mab drugs
monoclonal antibody based drugs
What is the function of adalimumab
inhibit TNF
What is the effect of inhibiting TNF
TNF no longer binds to receptor - immune function reduced
Describe decoy receptors
engineer protein that mimics extracellular binding domain of protein
What is asthma
chronic inflammatory disease
What are the two phases in asthma
early phase - bronchospasm, late phase - inflammation
Describe late phase of asthma response
severe, prolonged, combined activity of immune cells
What can an allergic reaction to an injected substance cause
anaphalatic shock
What is swelling caused by in the late phase of a reaction
infiltration of large number of immune cells
What antibody mediates hypersensitivity
IgE
Where are mast cells found
skin and mucous surfaces
What gives rise to anaphaltic shocks
specialised mast cells - basophils
Where are basophils located
blood
What is the natural role of IgE
prevent parasitic infections
What do mast cells contain
granules
What do the granules in mast cells contain
histamine
Overactivity of what is associated with asthma
TH2 cells
What do TH2 cells interact with
B cells
What do B cells produce
antibodies
What can asthma be treated with
salbutamol, glucocorticoids
What do glucocorticoids inhibit
production of cytokines
What happens in early phase reaction
smooth muscle contracts - mediated by release of histamine
What increases vascular permeability
release of prostaglandins
What is swelling in lungs in early phase reaction caused by
increased vasculature permeability
What is secreted immediately during an asthma attack
cytokines and chemokines
What treats the immediate phase symptoms of asthma attack
salbutamol
Name side effects of chronic steroid use
easy bruising, poor wound healing, increased abdominal fat, hypertension
