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BMS 242 Core Physiology and Pharmacology > Anti-Inflammatory and Immunosuppressant drugs II > Flashcards

Anti-Inflammatory and Immunosuppressant drugs II Flashcards

1
Q

What is rheumatoid arthritis

A

auto immune disease

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2
Q

Who does rheumatoid arthritis affect

A

usually women, 40-60 age range

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3
Q

What are the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis

A

swelling of joints, pain, stiffness in morning, poor sleep

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4
Q

What are drugs used to treat rheumatoid arthritis referred to as

A

DMARDs

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5
Q

What is the most common treatment for rheumatoid arthritis

A

methotrexate

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6
Q

What class of drug is methotrexate

A

antagonist

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7
Q

What is the function of methotrexate

A

suppresses immune system function

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8
Q

What is a disadvantage of methotrexate

A

cytotoxic

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9
Q

What is the start of the pathway for rheumatoid arthritis

A

activated TH1 cells

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10
Q

What is the function of activated TH1 cells

A

activate other immune cells

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11
Q

What do macrophages release

A

IR1 and TNF-a

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12
Q

What are IR1 and TNF-a

A

pro-inflammatory cytokines

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13
Q

What does activation of osteoclast and fibroblasts cause

A

erosion of cartilage, joints and bones

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14
Q

What does methotrexate inhibit

A

activation of TH1 cells

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15
Q

What is ciclosporin

A

immuno suppressant drug

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16
Q

What does ciclosporin bind to

A

cyclophilin

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17
Q

Where is cyclophilin found

A

cytosol

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18
Q

What is cyclophilin a member of the family of

A

immunophilins

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19
Q

What is a function of immunophilins

A

control transcription by binding to calcineurin

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20
Q

What is calcineurin

A

calcium activated phosphatase

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21
Q

What is the function of IL2

A

activates TH1 cells

22
Q

What do immuno-suppressant drugs inhibit

A

induction phase of inflammatory response

23
Q

What do ciclosporin and glucocorticoids inhibit

A

transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines

24
Q

What are mab drugs

A

monoclonal antibody based drugs

25
Q

What is the function of adalimumab

A

inhibit TNF

26
Q

What is the effect of inhibiting TNF

A

TNF no longer binds to receptor - immune function reduced

27
Q

Describe decoy receptors

A

engineer protein that mimics extracellular binding domain of protein

28
Q

What is asthma

A

chronic inflammatory disease

29
Q

What are the two phases in asthma

A

early phase - bronchospasm, late phase - inflammation

30
Q

Describe late phase of asthma response

A

severe, prolonged, combined activity of immune cells

31
Q

What can an allergic reaction to an injected substance cause

A

anaphalatic shock

32
Q

What is swelling caused by in the late phase of a reaction

A

infiltration of large number of immune cells

33
Q

What antibody mediates hypersensitivity

A

IgE

34
Q

Where are mast cells found

A

skin and mucous surfaces

35
Q

What gives rise to anaphaltic shocks

A

specialised mast cells - basophils

36
Q

Where are basophils located

A

blood

37
Q

What is the natural role of IgE

A

prevent parasitic infections

38
Q

What do mast cells contain

A

granules

39
Q

What do the granules in mast cells contain

A

histamine

40
Q

Overactivity of what is associated with asthma

A

TH2 cells

41
Q

What do TH2 cells interact with

A

B cells

42
Q

What do B cells produce

A

antibodies

43
Q

What can asthma be treated with

A

salbutamol, glucocorticoids

44
Q

What do glucocorticoids inhibit

A

production of cytokines

45
Q

What happens in early phase reaction

A

smooth muscle contracts - mediated by release of histamine

46
Q

What increases vascular permeability

A

release of prostaglandins

47
Q

What is swelling in lungs in early phase reaction caused by

A

increased vasculature permeability

48
Q

What is secreted immediately during an asthma attack

A

cytokines and chemokines

49
Q

What treats the immediate phase symptoms of asthma attack

A

salbutamol

50
Q

Name side effects of chronic steroid use

A

easy bruising, poor wound healing, increased abdominal fat, hypertension

BMS 242 Core Physiology and Pharmacology (13 decks)

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