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MYCOLOGY AND VIROLOGY > INTRODUCTION TO VIROLOGY > Flashcards

INTRODUCTION TO VIROLOGY Flashcards

Lecture

1
Q

One of the more complicated virus that has 9 genes

A

Herpesvirus

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2
Q

Smallest animal virus (Latin)

A

Parvovirus

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3
Q

Italian ssDNA virus

A

Picornavirus

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4
Q

Largest animal virus (260x450nm)

A

Poxvirus

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5
Q

2nd to the largest virus

A

Paramyxovirus

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6
Q

SUFFIX: Virus family names

A

-viridae

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6
Q

Viruses do not grow on

A

Artificial culture media

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6
Q

Viruses grow on

A

Tissue culture, Animals, Chick embryo

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7
Q

SUFFIX: Virus genus names

A

-virus

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8
Q

Classification of Virus

A

Structure/composition, morphology, genome type, mode of replication

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8
Q

dsDNA virus (Table 29.1)

A

Herpesviridae (Simplexvirus), Adenovirus (Mastadenovirus), Papillomaviridae (Papillomavirus), Poxviridae (Mollusci, Ortho, Para, Yatapoxvirus)

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8
Q

SUFFIX: Virus subfamily names

A

-virinae

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8
Q

dsDNA, ssDNA virus (Table 29.1)

A

Hepadnaviridae (Orthohepadnavirus)

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9
Q

ssDNA virus (Table 29.1)

A

Parvovirus (Bocaparvovirus, Dependoparvovirus, Erythroparvovirus)

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10
Q

dsRNA viruses (Table 29.1)

A

Picobirnaviridae (Picobirnavirus), Reoviridae (Rotavirus)

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11
Q

Viral Replication Cycle

A

Adsorption, Penetration, Uncoating, Synthetic or Virion Production, Assembly, Release

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12
Q

The first step in infection of a cell is attachment to cell surface via ionic interactions which are temperature independen.

Viral attachment protein recognizes specific receptor. (CHON, CHO, Lipid)

A

Adsorption

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13
Q

The virus enters the cell in a variety of ways according to the nature of virus

A

Penetration

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14
Q

Viruses adsorbed to the cell surface receptors then penetrate into the cell by mean of

A

Pinocytosis (a process also known as viropexis)

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15
Q

Nucleic acid has to be sufficiently _ that virus replication can begin at this stage

A

Uncoating

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16
Q

Make mRNAs, Proteins, and Genomes
Pilot proteins

A

Synthetic or Virion Production

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17
Q

New viruses are _. There may be maturation step that follows this initial process

A

Assembly and Maturation

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18
Q

Virus may be _ due to cell lysis. (Naked virus), or, if enveloped, may bud from the cell.

A

Release

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19
Q

The simplest naturally occurring infective viruses

Consists of nucleocapsid

A

Virions

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20
Q

Protective layer

21
Q

Contained the viral genome either DNA or RNA

A

Nucleic acid core

22
Q

Protects the Nucleic acid core and stimulates Ag-Ab production

A

Viral Capsid

23
Q

Capsomeres are made up of one or more polypeptides chain called _

A

Protomeres

23
Q

Morphologic units of capsid

A

Capsomeres

23
Q

Protein subunits can interact with each other and with the Nucleic acid core to form coiled, ribbon like structure

A

Helical Symmetry

24
Q

Platonic solid with twenty faces and. 5:3:2 rotational symmetry

The capsid shell is made up of repeating subunits of viral protein

A

Icosahedral Symmetry

25
Q

Naked Icosahedral

A

Poliovirus, Adenovirus, Hepatitis A

25
Q

Naked Helical

A

Tobacco mosaic virus

26
Q

Enveloped icosahedral

A

Rubella virus, herpes virus, yellow fever virus

27
Q

Enveloped helical

A

Rabies virus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, mumps and measles

28
Q

Complex virus (oval or brick shape)

29
Q

Recognize host cell receptor

30
Q

Agent that damages the envelope

A

Alcohols and detergents

31
Q

Enveloped virus are more susceptible to inactivation

A

High temperature, extreme ph and chemicals

32
Q

Enveloped viruses are more sensitive to

A

Detergents, heat, ethanol, ether and solvents

33
Q

Enveloped viruses have another protein, the _ which serves as a bridge between nucleocapsid and inner membrane of the envelope

A

Matrix protein

33
Q

Specific immune response

A

Humoral and cellular immune response

34
Q

Non-specific immune response

A

Interferonss

35
Q

Common host-cell reaction

Viral replication results directly in cell destruction (cytopathology, so called “cytopathic effect” in cell structures)

A

Cytocidal infection (necrosis)

35
Q

The virus initiates a cascade of cellular events leading to cell death (“suicide”), in most cases interrupting the viral replication cycle

35
Q

Viral replication per se does not destroy the host cell, although it may be destroyed by secondary immunological reactions (complement, inflammation)

A

Noncytocidal infection

35
Q

The viral infection transforms the host cell into a cancer cell whereby viral replication may or may not take place depending on the virus and/or cell type involved (Papillomavirus)

A

Tumor transformation

35
Q

The viral genome is inside the cell, resulting in neither viral replication nor cell destruction (Poliovirus, HIV)

A

Latent infection (“Dormant”)

36
Q

The presence of the virus often gives rise to morphological changes in the host cell

Any detectable changes on the host cell due to infection are known as a _

A

Cytopathic effect (CPE)

36
Q

Mode of Transmission: (within a group of individuals or vertically (from mother to offspring)

A

Horizontally

37
Q

Mode of Transmission: infection is either transovarial or by infection of the virus in utero (ascending or displacental)

A

Vertical infection

37
Q

Mode of Transmission: infection is the term used when offspring are born infected

A

Connatal/ Neonatal transmission

38
Q

Prevention: induction of immunity is the most important factor

A

Vaccination

39
Q

Prevention: only relevant to hygienic measures necessitated by epidemic

A

Exposure prophylaxis

40
Q

Prevention: chemotherapeutic agent when infection is expected instead of after it has been diagnosed

A

Chemoprophylaxis

40
Q

Antiviral: Inhibits DNA Polymerase

A

Acyclovir, Cidofovir, Famciclovir, Ganciclovir, and Valacyclovir

41
Q

Antiviral: Inhibits DNA synthesis

A

Idoxuridine and Trifluridine

42
Q

Antiviral: Inhibits uncoating

A

Amantadine and Rimantadine

43
Q

Antiviral: Viral Replication

A

Interferon-a and Ribavirin

44
Q

Antiviral: Inhibits Proteases

A

Indinavir, Nelfinavir, Ritonavir, Saquinavir

45
Q

Antiviral: Active against

A

Lamivudine and Adefovir

MYCOLOGY AND VIROLOGY (5 decks)

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