INTRODUCTION TO URINALYSIS Flashcards
What are the 4 components of urinary system?
- Kidney
- Ureters
- Bladder
- Urethra
Carry the urine to the bladder
Ureters
Delivers the urine for excretion
Urethra
Where urine us formed by filtration of blood
Kidney
Stores the urine produced
Bladder
What is the kidney’s function?
- Maintaining homeostasis
- Regularion of body fluids
- Excretion of waste products
The functional unit of the kidney
Nephron
Enumerate parts of nephron
- glomerulus
- bowman’s capsule
- proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
- loop of henle
- distal convoluted tubule
- afferent arteriole
- efferent arteriole
- peritubular capillaries
- vasa recta
Two types of nephron
- cortical nephron
- juxtamedullary nephron
Primary function is concentration of the urine
Juxtamedullary nephron
Responsible for removal of waste products and reabsorption
Cortical nephron
Point of entry unfiltered blood
Afferent arteriole
Point of exit filtered blood
Efferent arteriole
Located adjacent to the ascending descending loop of henle
Vasa recta
Supplies blood to the kidney
Renal artery
Total renal blood flow
1200/mL/min
Total renal plasma flow
600-700 mL/min
Consusts of coil approximately 8 capillary lobeds referred to as a capillary tuft
Glomerular filtration
Contains pores and are referred to as fenestrated
Capillary wall membrane
Presence podocytes
Basement membrane
Necessary to overcome the opposition of pressure from the fluid from the bowman’s capsule and the oncotic pressure of unfiltered plasma protein
Hydrostatic pressure
Dilation of the afferent arterioles and construction of the efferent arterioles
BP drops
Caused by size afferent and efferent arteriole
Presence of hydrostatic pressure
Ultrafiltrate of plasma
Urine
Only organ with such a noninvasive means by which to directly evaluate its status
Kidney
Readily available and easily collected specimen
Urine
The testing of urine with procedures commonly performed in an expeditious, reliable, accurate, safe, and coft effective manner
Urinalysis
References to the study of urine can be found in the drawinfs of caveman and in Egyptian hieroglyphics
Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus
When was book of uroscopy written?
5th century BC
When was color charsts had bern developed that described the significance of 20 different colors
1140 AD
Who discovered albuminuria by boiling urine?
Frederik Dekkers
Where did glucose test originated?
From ant testing anf taste testing
What is the title of the book Thomas Bryant written?
Pisse prophets
When did invention of the microscope and led to the examination of urinary sediment happened?
17th century
Methods for quantitating the microscopic sediment
Thomas Addis
Concept of urinalysis as part of a docto’s roytine patient examination
Richard Bright
When did urinalysis befan to disappear from routine examination
1930
What is the only organ with such a noninvasive means by which to directly evaluate its status
Kidney
Enumerate reasons for performing urinalysis
- aiding in the diagnosis of disease
- screening asymptomatic population for undetected disorders
- monitoring the progress of disease and
- effectiveness of therapy
What are the internal structure of the kidney?
- cortex
- medulla
- renal pelvis
The outer layer of the kidney, located just below the renal capsule
Cortex
Innermost part of tge kidney
Medulla
Renal medulla split up into a number of section known as
Renal pyramids
The funnel-like dilated part of the ureter in the kidney
Renal pelvis
What is the urine composition?
95% of water and 5% of solutes
Organic component of urine
- urea
- creatinine
- uric acid
- hippuric acid
Major organic component, product of protein and amino acid metabolism
Urea
Product of creatinine metabolism by muscles
Creatinine