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AUBF LEC PRELIM > chemical analysis > Flashcards

chemical analysis Flashcards

1
Q

chemical-impregnated absorbent pads attached to a
plastic strip.

A

reagent strip

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2
Q

care of reagent strip

A

ØStore with desiccant in an opaque, tightly closed container.
ØStore below 30C; do not freeze.
ØDo not expose to volatile fumes.
ØDo not use past the expiration date.
ØDo not use if chemical pads become discolored.
ØRemove strips immediately prior to use.

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3
Q

Quality Control of Reagent Strips

A

ØTest open bottles of reagent strips with known positive and negative
controls every 24 hr.
ØResolve control results that are out of range by further testing.
ØTest reagents used in backup tests with positive and negative controls.
ØPerform positive and negative controls on new reagents and newly
opened bottles of reagent strips.
ØRecord all control results and reagent lot numbers

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4
Q

Major regulator of acid-base content of the body

A

lungs and kidney

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5
Q

ph of first morning urine

A

5-6 ph

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6
Q

ph of Normal Random sample

A

4.5 - 8 ph

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7
Q

Causes of Acidic urine

A
  • Emphysema
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Starvation
  • Dehydration
  • Diarrhea
  • Presence of acid- producing
    bacteria (Escherichia coli)
  • High-protein diet
  • Cranberry juice
  • Medications
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8
Q

causes of Alkaline Urine

A
  • Hyperventilation
  • Vomiting
  • Renal tubular acidosis
  • Presence of urease producing bacteria
  • Vegetarian diet
  • Old specimens
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9
Q

Clinical Significance of ph

A

Respiratory or metabolic acidosis/ketosis
Respiratory or metabolic alkalosis
Renal calculi formation
Determination of unsatisfactory specimens

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10
Q

principle of ph

A

DOUBLE-INDICATOR SYSTEM OF METHYL RED AND
BROMTHYMOL BLUE

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11
Q

color reaction for methyl red and the ph

A

red to yellow; 4.6 ph

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12
Q

color reaction for Bromthymol blue and the ph

A

yellow to blue (pH range 6-9)

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13
Q

Most indicative of renal disease

A

protein

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14
Q

nv of ph

A

<10mg/dL or 100mg/24h

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15
Q

Clinical proteinuria

A

≥ 30mg/dL or 300 mg/L

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16
Q

caused by conditions affecting the plasma prior to
reaching the kidney

A

pre renal proteinuria

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17
Q

Seen in case of multiple myeloma

A

bence jones protein

18
Q

Frequently transient in proteinuria

A

ØHemoglobin
ØMyoglobin
ØAPR due to inflammation
ØNot usually discovered in routine urinalysis

19
Q

Screening test:

A

Solubility test

20
Q

Solubility test coagulates at

A

40-60°C (turbid)

21
Q

solubility test dissolves at

A

100°C (clear)

22
Q

confirmatory test

A

serum electrophoresis

23
Q

glomerular/tubular dse

A

True renal disease

24
Q

Causes of glomerular proteinuria

A

amyloid material, toxic substances, and the immune complexes found in lupus
erythematosus and streptococcal glomerulonephritis

25
causes of tubular proteinuria
exposure to toxic substances and heavy metals, severe viral infections, Fanconi syndrome
26
benign proteinuria
Transient
27
symptoms of tubular proteinuria
strenuous exercise, high fever, dehydration, and exposure to cold
28
filtered albumin can no longer be reabsorbed
tubular proteinuria
29
Selective filtration is impaired
glomerular proteinuria
30
Increased CHON, RBCs, WBCs
glomerular proteinuria
31
symptoms of glomerular proteinuria
Strenuous exercise, dehydration or associated with hypertension preeclamps
32
Appears in vertical position; disappears in horizontal position
orthostatic proteinuria
33
ORTHOSTATIC result
(-) 1st sample; (+) 2nd sample
34
Seen frequently in young adults
orthostatic proteinuria
35
diabetic nephropathy leading to reduced glomerular filtration and eventual renal failure
MICROALBUMINURIA
36
Albumin Excretion Rate
20-200 ug/min, 30-300 mg/24hr
37
Albumin creatine ratio
> 3.4mg/mmol
38
The presence of blood as the result of injury or menstrual contamination
Protein (Post-renal Proteinuria)
39
FALSE-POSITIVE of protein
◦Highly buffered alkaline urine ◦ Pigmented specimens, phenazopyridine ◦Quaternary ammonium compounds (detergents) ◦ Antiseptics, chlorhexidine ◦ Loss of buffer from prolonged exposure of the reagent strip to the specimen ◦High specific gravity
40
protein zyme CORRELATIONS WITH OTHER TESTS
Blood Nitrite Leukocytes Microscopic
41
micral test principle
enzyme immunoassay
42

AUBF LEC PRELIM (7 decks)

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