Introduction to Upper Extremity and Superficial Back Flashcards
the pectoral girdle consists of
clavicle
scapula
Major features of the scapula
spine coracoid process acromian process supraspinatous fossa subscapular fossa glenoid fossa superior and inferior angles
sternoclavicular joint
anterior/posterior sternoclavicular ligaments
articular disc with two separate synovial cavities
only joint connecting upper limb to axial skeleton
Acromioclavicular joint
synovial joint
superior and inferior acromioclavicular ligaments
other ligaments connect clavicle to coracoid process of scapula
layer one of superficial hypaxial muscles of the back
trapezius
latissimus dorsi
layer two of hypaxial muscles of the back
levator scapulae
rhomboid minor
rhomboid major
Trapezius muscle
origin - medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line, external occipital protruberance, nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7-T12
Insertion - lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion and scapular spine
Innervation: Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI)
Actions: Elevation, Retraction, Upward Rotation
Latissimus Dorsi
Origin - spinous processes T7-12, Thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior 3-4 ribs
Insertion - floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus ANTERIOR SURFACE OF HUMERUS
Innervation - thoracodosal nerve (C6-C8)
levator scapulae
origin - transverse process of C1-C4
Insertion - medial superior scapula
Innervation - dorsal scapular nerve (C5) cervical spine nerves (C3,C4)
Actions - elevates and rotates scapula
Rhomboid minor
origin - nuchal ligament, C7, T1 spinous process
Insertion - medial scapular at spine border
innervation - dorsal scapular n
actions - elevates, retracts, downward rotation of scapula
rhomboid major
origin - spinous processes T2-T5
Insertion - medial scapular border
Innervation - dorsal scapular n
Action - elevates, retracts, downward rotation of scapula
ventral rami innervate
hypaxial muscles
rotator cuff muscles
Supraspinatus - abduction of arm 1-15 degrees (supraspinatus n)
Infraspinatus - laterally rotates arm (suparspinatus n)
Teres minor - laterally rotates arm (axillary n)
Subscapularis - medially rotates arm (subscapularis n)
nuchal ligament
very strong ligament that runs along the spinal processes of cervical vertebrae
contains a lot of elastin
triangle of auscultation borders and use
Borders - trapezius, latissimus dorsi, medial scapular border
easier to hear breathing sounds
quadrangular space borders and contents
borders - teres minor, humerus, long head of triceps
contents - axillary n, posterior humeral circumflex a
triangular hiatus
borders - teres major insertion, humerus, long head of triceps
contents - radial n, deep brachial a
arteries in scapular anastomoses
Ss Ds Cs
PT
suprascapular a (fropm thyrocervical trunk)
Dorsal scapular a (deep branch of transverse cervical a or subclavian a)
circumflex scapular a
Posterior intercostal a (from thoracic aorta)
thoracodorsal a
suprascapular artery and nerve are separated by
superior transverse scapular ligament
which rotator cuff muscle is most frequently injured in patients 55+
supraspinatus
because the blood supply to the tendon has been compromised
supraspinatus inserts on
the greater tubercle of the humerus
infraspinatus inserts on
the greater tubercle of the humerus posterior to glenohumeral joint (making it a lateral rotater)
teres minor inserts on
greater tubercle of the humerus posterior to the glenohumeral joint (making it a lateral rotater)
subscapularis is the only rotator cuff muscle that attaches
anterior to the glenohumeral joint (at the lesser tubercle) making it a medial rotater of the humerus
