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MSK Final > Deep Back and Suboccipital Triangle > Flashcards

Deep Back and Suboccipital Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

function of extrinsic muscles of back

A

move limbs and perform thoracic proprioception

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2
Q

Function of intrinsic muscles of back

A

support upright posture and allow movements of the vertebral column, also perform proprioception

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3
Q

Intermediate extrinsic muscles include

A

serratus posterior and serratus inferior

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4
Q

serratus posterior and inferior function as

A

either superficial respiratory muscles or proprioceptive

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5
Q

extrinsic back muscles are innervated by

A

CNXI (accessory nerve)

branches of brachial plexus (anterior rami)

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6
Q

intrinsic back muscles are innervated gby

A

posterior rami of spinal nerves

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7
Q

function of spenius capitis and splenius cerfvicis

A

unilaterally flex neck and rotate head to ipsilateral side

bilaterally extend head

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8
Q

categories of intrinsic muscles of the back

A

splenius muscles
erector spinae group
transversospinalis group

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9
Q

function of erector spinae m

A

bilaterally: extend vertebral column and head
unilaterally: laterally flex vertebral column - sidebending

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10
Q

muscles considered erector spinae m

A

iliocostalis (lomburum, thoracis, cervicis)
Longissimus (thoracis, servicis, capitis)
Spinalis (thoracis, cervicis, capitis)

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11
Q

transversospinalis m function

A

extend, rotate, stabilize segments of the spinal column

deepest layer - occupy trench between transverse and spinous processes

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12
Q

transversopinalis muscle include

A

semispinalis (most superficial, thoracis, cervicis, capitis)
multifidus (middle, lumbar)
rotatores (deepest, thoracic)

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13
Q

multifidus m

A

middle layer of transversospinalis m
short, triangular bundles
stabilize vertebrae during location movements of vertebral column

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14
Q

Roratores m

A

deepest layer of rotator muscles
stabilize vertebrae and assist with local extension and rotatory movements
might be involved in proprioception

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15
Q

minor deep layer/ segmental muscles include

A

interspinalis m - aid in extension/rotation
intertransversarii m - aid in lateral flexion, bilateral stabilizers
levatores costarum m - elevate ribs, assist in respiration/lateral flexion

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16
Q

posterior rami of spinal nerves innervate

A

deep back muscles

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17
Q

back sprain definition

A

injury to ligamentous tissue, or ligament attachment to bone
no dislocation or fracture
excessive extension or rotatio n

18
Q

back strain definition

A

common injury due to overly strong contraction
stretching/tearing of fibers
typically erector spinae muscles

19
Q

dislocation of cervical vertebrae

A

less tightly interlocked than other vertebrae making them more prone to dislocation - if severe enough can cause damage to spinal cord

20
Q

suboccipital region refers to

A

muscle compartment deep to superior part of posterior cervical region
deep to trapezius, splenius, semispinalis m
pyramidal space inferior to external occipital prominence

21
Q

atlas

A

c1 - contributes its body to C2 (or axis) as dens (therefore it lacks a vertebral body)

22
Q

joints of C1 and C2

A

superior/articular facets
lateral atlantoaxial joint
median atlantoaxial joint (the one that allows you to say no)

23
Q

ligament that holds the dens in place

A

the transverse ligament

24
Q

contents of suboccipital triangle

A

rectus capitis posterior major m
rectus capitis posterior minor m
obliquus capitis superior m
obliquus capitis inferior m

(Vertebral a and/or occipital a
Posterior rami of C1 (suboccipital nerve) innervation )

25
Q

obliquus capitis inferior m is unique to the other muscles of the suboccipital triangle in that

A

it does not directly contact the occipital bone

it makes contact with the atlas

26
Q

suboccipital muscles perform what function

A

extension (and one does lateral rotation)

27
Q

suboccipital n serves

A

muscles of the suboccipital triangle

branch of psoterior ramus of spinal nerve C1

28
Q

greater occipital n supplies

A

skin over neck and occipital bone

branch of posterior ramus of spinal nerve C2

29
Q

Lesser occipital nerve supplies

A

Skin of superior posterolateral neck and scalp posterior to external ear
(Branch of anterior rami of spinal nerves C2-C3)

30
Q

posterior rami nerves C3-C7 supplies

A

intrinsic muscles of back and overlying skin adjacent to vertebral column

31
Q

vascular supply to suboccipital region

A

vertebral artery
first branch off of the subclavian a.
ascends through the transverse foramina of C7->C2
perforate the dura and pass through the foramen magnum
will ultimately join together to form basilar arteries

32
Q

Soft tissue injury characteristics

A

acceleration/deceleration syndrome - head is forced forward then snaps back - whiplash injury
typically involves damage to soft tissue, may also involve fractures

33
Q

Vertebral artery impingement

A

reduced blood supply to brainstem when vertebral a is blocked/narrowed with movement at atlantoaxial joint
caused by trauma, cervical spine abnormalities, CV disease
Patients present with dizziness/vertigo, confusion

34
Q

Fracture of atlas

A

caused by sudden, forceful compression of C1
diving accidents, roll-over car accidents)
may result in quadraplegia

35
Q

Hangman’s fracture (C2 fracture)

A

fracture of pars interarticularis
(where are inferior and posterior articular facet comes together)
caused by hyperextension of the neck (being hanged)
severe cases of acceleration/deceleration syndrome
can completely sever the spinal cord

36
Q

fracture of dens (C2 fracture) 3 types

A

most common at base - caused by horizontal blow to the head
type 1 - fracture of upper odontoid process
type 2 - fracture of base of odontoid process
type 3 - through odontoid process and into lateral masses of C2

37
Q

Occipital neuralgia

A

irritation of greater occipital and lesser occipital nerves
caused by osteoarthirtis of cervical vertebrae, neck injury, muscle spasms in neck, tumors, infection, gout, diabetes
patients present with burning/stabbing pain triggered by neck movement, scalp tenderness, pain behind eyes, headache

38
Q

muscles responsible for flexion of head (5)

A

longus capitis, rectus capitis anterior, anterior portion of sternocleidomastoid, suprahyoid and infrahyoid

39
Q

muscles responsible for extension of head (6)

A 
rectus capitis posterior 
major obliquus capitis superior 
minor obliquus capitis superior 
splenius capitis 
longissimus capitis 
trapezius
40
Q

muscles responsible for lateral flexion of head (5)

A 
sternocleidomastoid 
obliquus capitis superior 
rectus capitis lateralis 
longissimus capitis 
splenius capitis

MSK Final (21 decks)

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