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Introduction to Human Anatomy > Introduction to Tissues COPY > Flashcards

Introduction to Tissues COPY Flashcards

1. Epithelial Tissue 2. Connective Tissue

1
Q

Epithelial Tissue

What are the four functions of epithelial tissue?

(hint: 4)

A
  1. Provide physical protection
  2. Control permeability
  3. Provide sensation
  4. Produce specialized secretions

  1. Epithelia protect exposed and internal surfaces from abrasion, dehydration, and destruction by chemical/biological agents.
  2. Any substances that enters or leaves the body must cross epithelium, therefore it must be regulated.
  3. Most epithelia are extremely sensitive to stimulation because they have a large sensory nerve supply.
  4. Epithelial cells that produce secretions are called gland cells.
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2
Q

Epithelial Tissue

What are the characteristics of epithelial tissue?

(hint: 5)

A
  1. Polarity
  2. Cellularity
  3. Attachment
  4. Avascularity
  5. Regeneration

  1. Polarity meaning it has an apical (exposed) surface and basement membrane.
  2. Epithelia are made almost entirely of cells bound closely together by cell junctions.
  3. Base of epithelium is bound to a basement membrane.
  4. Epithelia lack blood vessels and get their nutrients from diffusion and absoprtion from other cells.
  5. Epithelial cells are continuously replaced through stem cell divisions in the epithelium.
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3
Q

Epithelial Tissue

This type of epithelium acts as an exchange system, and is located in protected regions where absorption and diffusion takes place, or where a slick, slippery surface reduces friction.

A

Simple squamous epithelium

Reduces friction, controls vessels permeability, performs absorption/secretion.

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4
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Where is simple squamous epithelium located?

(hint: 4)

A
  1. Alveoli (respiratory exchange surfaces)
  2. Inner lining of blood (and lymph) vessels (endothelium)
  3. Capillaries (blood vessels)
  4. Kidney tubules

  1. Mesothelia lining plueral, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities.
  2. Endothelia lining heart and blood vessels.
  3. Portions of the kidney tubules.
  4. Inner lining of cornea
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5
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue and where it is located.

(hint: 4)

A

Simple columnar

Found in:
1. Inner lining of the digestive tract (stomach & intestine).
2. Inner lining of parts of the lower respiratory tract.
3. Uterine tubes
4. Collecting ducts of the kidneys

Found in: lining of stomach, intestine, gallbladder, uterine tubes, and collecting ducts of the kidneys.

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6
Q

Epithelial Tissue

What are the functions of simple columnar epithelia?

(hint: 3)

A
  1. Protection
  2. Secretion
  3. Absorption
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7
Q

Epithelial Tissue

What are the functions of simple squamous epithelia?

(hint: 3)

A
  1. Reduces friction
  2. Controls vessel permeability
  3. Performs absorption and secretion
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8
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Where is stratified squamous epithelia found?

(hint: 7)

A
  1. Surface of skin
  2. Lining of the mouth
  3. Throat
  4. Esophagus
  5. Rectum
  6. Anus
  7. Vagina
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9
Q

Epithelial Tissue

What are the functions of stratified squamous epithelia?

(hint: 1)

A
  1. Provides physical protection against abrasion, pathogens, and chemical attack.
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10
Q

Epithelial Tissue

What are the functions of simple cuboidal epithelia?

(hint: 3)

A
  1. Limited protection
  2. Secretion
  3. Absorption
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11
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Where is simple cuboidal located in the body?

A
  1. Glands
  2. Ducts
  3. Portions of the kidney tubules
  4. Thyroid gland

(Any place where absorption or secretion occurs)

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12
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Where is stratified cuboidal epithelia located?

(hint: 1)

A
  1. Lining of some ducts

(RARE)

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13
Q

Epithelial Tissue

What is the function of stratified cuboidal epithelia?

(hint: 3)

A
  1. Protection
  2. Secretion
  3. Absorption
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14
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Where is transitional epithelia located in the body?

(hint: 3)

A
  1. Urinary bladder
  2. Renal pelvis
  3. Ureters
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15
Q

Epithelial Tissue

What is the function of transitional epithelia?

(hint: 1)

A
  1. Permits repeated cycles of stretching (and rebounding) without damage
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16
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Where is simple columnar epithelia located?

(hint: 4)

A
  1. Lining of the digestive tract (stomach and intestine)
  2. Parts of the lower respiratory tract
  3. Uterine tubes
  4. Collecting ducts of kidneys
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17
Q

Epithelial Tissue

What are the function(s) of simple columnar epithelia?

(hint: 3)

A
  1. Protection
  2. Secretion
  3. Absorption
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18
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Where is pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia located in the body?

(hint: 4)

A
  1. Lining of nasal cavity
  2. Trachea
  3. Bronchi
  4. Portions of the male reproductive tract
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19
Q

Epithelial Tissue

What is the function of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia?

(hint: 3)

A
  1. Protection
  2. Secretion
  3. Movement of mucus with cilia
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20
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Where is stratified columnar epithelia located?

(hint: 6)

A
  1. Small areas of the pharynx
  2. Epiglottis
  3. Anus
  4. Mammary glands
  5. Salivary gland ducts
  6. Urethra

(RARE)

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21
Q

Epithelial Tissue

What is the function of stratified columnar epithelia?

A
  1. Protection
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22
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue and where it is located.

(Hint: 4)

A

Simple cuboidal

Found in:
1. Glands
2. Ducts
3. Portions of kidney tubules
4. Thyroid gland

Inner lining of kidney tubules and inner lining of some ducts

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23
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue and where it is located.

(hint: 6)

A

Stratified columnar

Found in:
1. Small areas of the pharynx
2. Epiglottis
3. Anus
4. Mammary glands
5. Salivary gland ducts
6. Urethra

Found in inner lining of ducts of large glands (RARE)

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24
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue and where it is located.

(hint: 4)
A

Simple squamous

Found in:
1. Alveoli (respiratory exchange surfaces)
2. Inner lining of blood (and lymph) vessles (endothelium)
3. Capillaries (blood vessels)
4. Kidney tubules

  1. Mesothelia lining plueral, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities.
  2. Endothelia lining heart and blood vessels.
  3. Portions of the kidney tubules.
  4. Inner lining of cornea
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25
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue and where it is located.

(hint: 7)
A

Stratified squamous

Found in:
1. Surface of skin
2. Inner lining of the mouth
3. Inner lining of the throat
4. Inner lining of the esophagus
5. Rectum
6. Anus
7. Inner lining of the vagina

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26
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue and where it is located.

(hint: 5)
A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia

Found in:
1. Inner lining of the upper respiratory tract
2. Lining of nasal cavity
3. Trachea
4. Bronchi
5. Portions of male reproductive tract

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27
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue and where it is located.

(hint: 1)
A

Stratified cuboidal

Found in:
1. Inner lining of the ducts of some glands (i.e., sweat glands)

(RARE)

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28
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue and where it is located.

(hint: 4)
A

Simple squamous

Found in:
1. Alveoli (respiratory exchange surfaces)
2. Inner lining of blood (and lymph) vessels (endothelium)
3. Capillaries (blood vessels)
3. Kidney tubules

  1. Mesothelia lining plueral, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities.
  2. Endothelia lining heart and blood vessels.
  3. Portions of the kidney tubules.
  4. Inner lining of cornea
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29
Q

Epithelial Tissues

Identify the epithelial tissue and where it is located.

(hint: 4)
A

Simple columnar

Found in:
1. Inner lining of the digestive tract (stomach & intestine).
2. Inner lining of parts of the lower respiratory tract.
3. Uterine tubes
4. Collecting ducts of the kidneys

Found in: lining of stomach, intestine, gallbladder, uterine tubes, and collecting ducts of the kidneys.

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30
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue and where it is located.

(hint: 4)
A

Simple cuboidal

Found in:
1. Glands
2. Ducts
3. Portions of kidney tubules
4. Thyroid gland

Inner lining of kidney tubules and inner lining of some ducts

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31
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue and where it is located.

(hint: 7)
A

Stratified squamous

Found in:
1. Surface of skin
2. Inner lining of the mouth
3. Inner lining of the throat
4. Inner lining of the esophagus
5. Rectum
6. Anus
7. Inner lining of the vagina

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32
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue and where it is located.

(hint: 4)
A

Simple cuboidal

Found in:
1. Glands
2. Ducts
3. Portions of kidney tubules
4. Thyroid gland

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33
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue and where it is located.

(hint: 4)
A

Simple squamous

Found in:
1. Alveoli (respiratory exchange surfaces)
2. Inner lining of blood (and lymph) vessels (endothelium)
3. Capillaries (blood vessels)
3. Kidney tubules

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34
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue and where it is located.

(hint: 4
A

Simple cuboidal

Found in:
1. Glands
2. Ducts
3. Portions of kidney tubules
4. Thyroid gland

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35
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Functions:
1. Reduces friction
2. Controls vessel permeability
3. Performs absorption and secretion

Functions as an exchange system (i.e., gas exchange)

A

Simple squamous epithelia

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36
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Located in:
1. Mesothelia lining pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities.
2. Endothelia lining the heart and blood (and lymph) vessels
3. Portions of kidney tubules
4. Alveoli of lungs
5. Inner lining of cornea

A

Simple squamous epithelia

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37
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Functions:
1. Provides physical protection against abrasion, pathogens, and chemical attack.

A

Stratified squamous epithelia

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38
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Located in:
1. Surface of the skin
2. Lining of the mouth, throat, anus, esophagus, and vagina

A

Stratified squamous epithelia

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39
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Functions:
1. Limited protection
2. (Mainly) secretion and absorption of materials

A

Simple cuboidal epithelia

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40
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Located in:
1. Glands
2. Ducts
3. Portions of kidney tubules
4. Thyroid gland

A

Simple cuboidal epithelia

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41
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Functions:
1. Protection
2. Secretion & absorption

(RARE)

A

Stratified cuboidal epithelia

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42
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Located in:
1. Lining of some ducts (i.e, sweat glands)

(RARE)

A

Stratified cuboidal epithelia

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43
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Located in:
1. Urinary bladder
2. Renal pelvis
3. Ureters

A

Transitional epithelium

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44
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Functions:
1. Permits repeated cycles of stretching (and rebounding) without damage.

A

Transitional epithelium

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45
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Located in:
1. Lining of the stomach and intestines (digestive tract)
2. Gallbladder
3. Uterine tubes
4. Collecting ducts of kidneys

A

Simple columnar epithelium

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46
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Functions:
1. Protection
2. Secretion and absorption

A

Simple columnar epithelia

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47
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Locations:
1. Lining of nasal cavity
2. Lining of the upper respiratory tract
3. Trachea
4. Bronchi
5. Portions of male reproductive tract

A

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium

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48
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Functions:
1. Protection and secretion
2. Movement of mucus with cilia

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia

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49
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Locations:
1. Small areas of the pharynx
2. Epiglottis
3. Anus
4. Mammary glands
5. Salivary gland ducts
6. Urethra

(RARE)

A

Stratified columnar epithelia

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50
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Function:
1. Protection
2. (Some secretion)

(RARE)

A

Stratified columnar epithelia

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51
Q

Epithelial Tissue

One of the types of epithelium has the following properties.
- It is derived from the mesoderm.
- It is found in the linings of the tubules in the kidneys and the gonads

Which types of epithelium is this?
A. Cuboidal epithelium
B. Columnar epithelium
C. Simple squamous epithelium
D. Stratified squamous epithelium

(choose 1 answer)

A

Cuboidal epithelium

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52
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Which of the following types of epithelium is found in the digestive tract?

A. Compound epithelium
B. Columnar epithelium
C. Squamous epithelium
D. Cuboidal epithelium

(choose 1 answer)

A

Columnar epithelium

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53
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Which epithelium participates in functions like the diffusion of nutrients from the blood to the body tissues and diffusion of gases in the alveoli of the lungs?

A. Columnar epithelium
B. Squamous epithelium
C. Ciliated epithelium
D. Cuboidal epitelium

(choose 1 answer)

A

B. Squamous epithelium

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54
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Which type of epithelium helps move the egg through the fallopian tube?

A. Ciliated epithelium
B. Glandular epithelium
C. Compound epithelium
D. Squamous epithelium

(choose 1 answer)

A

A. Ciliated epithelium

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55
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Which of the following types of epithelium is found in the kidneys and the gonads?

A. Columnar epithelium
B. Squamous epithelium
C. Compound epithelium
D. Cuboidal epithelium

(choose 1 answer)

A

D. Cuboidal epithelium

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56
Q

Epithelial Tissue

One type of epithelium has the following properties:
- It is derived from the endoderm
- It is found in the lining of the gastrointestinal tract

Which of the following types of epithelium is this?

A. Simple squamous epithelium
B. Cuboidal epithelium
C. Stratified squamous epithelium
D. Columnar epithelium

(choose 1 answer)

A

D. Columnar epithelium

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57
Q

Epithelial Tissue

The epithelium that lines the central canal in the spinal cord helps move cerebrospinal fluid.

To which of the following types does this epithelium most likely belong?

A. Ciliated epithelium
B. Glandular epithelium
C. Compound epithelium
D. Stratified epithelium

(choose 1 answer)

A

A. Ciliated epithelium

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58
Q

Epithelial Tissue

If you observe a layer of columnar cells of varying heights, they would be called (…) columnar cells.

A

pseudostratified columnar cells

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59
Q

Epithelial Tissue

An epithelial membrane consists of (…) and (…) tissue.

(two tissue types)

A

epithelial and connective

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60
Q

Epithelial Tissue

The epithelial membrane that surrounds the heart and lungs separately is called a (…) membrane.

secretes a lubricant that allows the organs to rub together without damage

A

serous membrane

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61
Q

Epithelial Tissue

The epithelial membrane that lines the body cavities that are exposed to the outside of the body is called a (…) membrane.

A

mucous

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62
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue (only)

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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63
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue (only)

A

Transitional epithelium

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64
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue (only)

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

(SEE GOBLET CELLS)

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65
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue (only)

A

Simple columnar epithelium

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66
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue (only)

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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67
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue (only)

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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68
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue (only)

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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69
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue (only)

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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70
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue (only)

A

Simple columnar epithelium

(SEE GOBLET CELLS)

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71
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue (only)

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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72
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue (only)

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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73
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue (only)

A

Transitional epithelium

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74
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Name the epithelial tissue facing the lumen

A

Simple squamous epithelium

THE NUCLEI ARE FLAT

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75
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Name the epithelial tissue facing the lumen

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

(SEE THE GOBLET CELLS) & ELONGATED NUCLEI & IT IS CILIATED

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76
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Name the epithelial tissue facing the lumen

POINTER IN THE LUMEN

A

Transitional epithelium

THE APICAL CELLS ARE ‘WEIRD-DOME-SHAPED’

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77
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Name the epithelial tissue facing the lumen

POINTER IN THE LUMEN

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

ROUND NUCLEI

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78
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Name the epithelial tissue facing the lumen and where you can find this epithelial tissue in your body

POINTER IN THE LUMEN

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Found in:
1. Lining of nasal cavity
2. Trachea
3. Bronchi
4. Portions of the male reproductive tract

THERE ARE CILIA!!

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79
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Name the epithelial tissue facing the lumen and what is its function?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

Function:
Provides a thin barrier that acts as an exchange system (i.e., gases, nutrients, etc.)

NUCLEI ARE FLATTENDED & THIS IS IN THE GLOMERULUS OF THE KIDNEY

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80
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Name the epithelial tissue and what organ it is located in

THIS IS SO SPECIFIC, NOTHING LOOKS LIKE THIS!!

A

Simple squamous epithelium

Location:
Alveoli of the lungs

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81
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Name the epithelial tissue and where it is found

A

Transitional epithelium

Location
Urinary bladder (or ureter)

THE APICAL CELLS ARE ‘WEIRD-DOME-SHAPED’

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82
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue facing the lumen

POINTER IN LUMEN

A

Simple columnar epithelium

NUCLEI ARE TOWARDS THE BASEMENT MEMBRANE

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83
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue facing the lumen and what is its function?

POINTER IN LUMEN

A

Simple columnar epithelium

Function:
The microvilli in this cell increases the surface area for the cell to perform absorption.

A FUZZY EDGE MEANS MICROVILLI & THE NUCLEI ARE TOWARDS THE BASEMENT MEMBRANE

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84
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue facing the lumen and where can you find this?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Location:
Kidney tubules (and glands)

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85
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue facing the lumen

POINTER IN THE LUMEN

A

Transitional epithelium

THE CELLS IN THE APICAL LAYER ARE ‘WEIRD-DOME-SHAPED’

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86
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue facing the lumen

A

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

NUCLEI ARE FLAT

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87
Q

Epithelial Tissue

This is a whole mount slide. What type of epithelial tissue is this and what is its special name?

A

Simple squamous epithelial tissue

(looking down at plates of cells; this is mesothelium)

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88
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue facing the lumen

A

Psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

GOBLET CELLS MAKE MUCUS IN AIRWAYS OR GI TRACT

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89
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue facing the lumen

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

LIGHT-COLORED OR FADED/THICK STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS IS KERATINIZED

90
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue that faces the lumen

A

Simple squamous epithelium

THIS IS IN THE LUNGS WHERE DIFFUSION OF GASES OCCURS

91
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissues facing the lumen

A

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

FUNCTION: PROTECTION

92
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue facing the lumen and what is its special name?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

special name: endothelium

this is the inside of a blood vessel

93
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue facing the lumen

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

**CILIA ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR MOVEMENT OF MATERIALS (I.E., MUCUS)

94
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue facing the lumen

A

Simple columnar epithelium

FOUND IN THE STOMACH (LARGE/SMALL INTESTINE)

95
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue facing the lumen

A

Simple columnar epithelium

BLURRY EDGE IS MICROVILLI.

96
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue (only)

A

Simple columnar epithelium

97
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue (only)

A

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

98
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue (only)

A

Transitional epithelium

99
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue (only)

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

100
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue (only)

A

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

101
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue (only)

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

102
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue (only)

A

Simple squamous epithelium

103
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue (only)

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

104
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue (only)

A

Simple squamous epithelium

105
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue

A

Transitional epithelium

106
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue

A

Simple columnar epithelium with cilia

107
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

108
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

109
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue

A

Simple squamous epithelium

110
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue

A

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

111
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue

A

Simple columnar epithelia

112
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

113
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue

A

Simple columnar epithelium with cilia

114
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tisue

A

Stratified columnar epithelium

115
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

116
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue

A

Simple squamous epithelium

117
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue

A

Stratified columnar epithelium

118
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epitehlium

119
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

120
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue

A

Transitional epithelium

121
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue

A

Stratified columnar epithelium

122
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue

A

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

123
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

124
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Identify the epithelial tissue

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

125
Q

Connective Tissue

Connective tissues vary widely in appearance and function, but they all share three basic components.

A
  1. Specialized cells
  2. Extracellular protein fibers
  3. A fluid known as ground matrix
126
Q

Connective Tissue

The specific function of connective tissues include:

(hint: 6)

A

Functions:
1. Establishing a structural framework for the body
2. Transporting fluids and dissolved materials
3. Protecting delicate organs
4. Supporting, surrouding, and interconnecting other types of tissue
5. Storing energy
6. Defending the body from invading microorganisms

127
Q

Connective Tissue

We classify by their physical properties. The three general categories of connective tissue:

A
  1. Connective tissue proper
  2. Fluid connective tissue
  3. Supportive connective tissue
128
Q

Connective Tissue

What are the three types of fibers that are found in connective tissue?

A
  1. Collagen fibers
  2. Reticular fibers
  3. Elastic fibers
129
Q

Connective Tissue

Identify the type of fiber:

The most common type of fibers in connective tissue proper. They are long, straight, and unbranched. Each fiber consists of a bundle of fibrous protein subunits wound together like the strands of a rope. It is flexible like a rope, and stronger than steel.

A

Collagen fibers

130
Q

Connective Tissue

Identify the tissue fiber:

Contains the same protein subunits as collagen fibers, but are arranged differently. Thinner than collagen, and form branching, interwoven framwork that is tough, yet flexible. They resist forces in many directions because they form a network.

A

Reticular fibers

131
Q

Connective Tissue

Identify the tissue fiber:

Contains the protein elastin. They are branched and wavy. After stretching, they return to their original length.

A

Elastic fibers

132
Q

Connective Tissue

(…) fills the spaces between cells and surrounds connective tissue fibers. It is clear, colorless, and viscous.

A

Ground substance

133
Q

Connective Tissue

(…) connective tissues are the “packing materials” of the body. They fill spaces between organs, and support epithelia.

These tissues surround and support blood vessels, nerves, store lipids, and provide routes for diffusion of materials.

A

Loose connective tissues

134
Q

Connective Tissue

What are the three types of loose connective tissue?

A
  1. Reticular connective tissue
  2. Areolar connective tissue
  3. Adipose connective tissue
135
Q

Connective Tissue

Identify the connective tissue:

Function: Cushions organs; provides support but permits independent movement; phagocytic cells provide defense against pathogens.

A

Areolar tissue

136
Q

Connective Tissue

Where is areolar tissue located?

(hint: 4)

A
  1. Within and deep to the dermis of the skin.
  2. Covered by the epithelial lining of the digestive, respiratory, and urinary tracts.
  3. Between muscles and around joints.
  4. Around blood vessels and nerves.
137
Q

Connective Tissue

Identify the connective tissue

Function: Provides padding and cushions shock, insulates (reduces heat loss) and stores energy.

A

Adipose tissue

138
Q

Connective Tissue

Where is adipose tissue located?

(hint: 3)

A
  1. Deep to the skin (especially at the sides)
  2. Buttocks and breasts
  3. Padding around the eyes and kidneys

Organs that are sensitive to abrasion

139
Q

Connective Tissue

Identify the connective tissue

Function: Provides supporting framework

A

Reticular tissue

140
Q

Connective Tissue

Where is reticular tissue located?

(hint: 6)

A
  1. Liver
  2. Kidney
  3. Spleen
  4. Lymph nodes
  5. Bone marrow
  6. Dermis
141
Q

Connective Tissue

What are the two types of connective tissue proper?

A
  1. Loose connective tissue
  2. Dense connective tissue
142
Q

Connective Tissue

What are the two types of dense connective tissue?

Dense CT is apart of CT proper

A
  1. Dense regular connective tissue
  2. Dense irregular connective tissue
143
Q

Connective Tissue

In dense regular connective tissue, the collagen fibers are (…) to each other.

A

Parallel

Aligned with the forces applied to the tissue

144
Q

Connective Tissue

The fibers in dense irregular connective tissue form an (…) mesh-work with no consistent pattern.

A

interwoven

Support areas subjected to stresses from many directions

145
Q

Connective Tissue

Identify the connective tissue

Functions:
1. Provides firm attachment
2. Conducts the pull of muscles
3. Reduces friction between muscles
4. Stabilizes positions of bones
5. Provides resistance to stretch in one direction

A

Dense regular connective tissue

146
Q

Connective Tissue

Where is dense regular connective tissue found?

(hint: 2)

A
  1. Ligaments
  2. Tendons

Covering skeletal muscles and deep fasciae

147
Q

Connective Tissue

Identify the connective tissue

Function:
1. Provides strength to resist forces from many directions
2. Helps prevent overexpansion of organs (i.e., urinary bladder)

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

148
Q

Connective Tissue

Where is dense irregular connective tissue found?

(hint: 3)

A
  1. Dermis
  2. Capsules of visceral organs
  3. Sheaths of muscles and nerves
149
Q

Connective Tissue

Identify the connective tissue

Functions:
1. Stabilizes positions of the vertebrae
2. Cushions shock
3. Permits expansion and contraction of organs

A

Dense Elastic Tissue

150
Q

Connective Tissue

Where is elastic connective tissue located?

(hint: 3)

A
  1. Between vertebrae of the spinal column
  2. Ligaments supporting transitional epithelia
  3. In the walls of blood vessels
151
Q

Connective Tissue

Identify the connective tissue and where it is located

(hint: 3)
A

Adipose connective tissue

Located in:
1. Under the skin
2. Under the abdominal region
3. Cushioning the kidneys and eyes

Cushions organs that are sensitive to abrasion

152
Q

Connective Tissue

Identify the connective tissue and where it is located.

(hint: 4)
A

Areolar connective tissue

Found in:
1. Within and deep to the dermis of the skin
2. Covered by the epithelial lining of the digestive, respiratory, and urinary tracts.
3. Between muscles
4. Around joints, blood vessels, and nerves

153
Q

Connective Tissue

Identify the connective tissue and where it is located.

A

Dense regular connective tissue

Found in:
1. Tendons (muscle to bone)
2. Ligaments (bone to bone)

Covering skeletal muscles and fasciae

154
Q

Connective Tissue

Identify the connective tissue and where it is located.

(hint: 6)
A

Reticular connective tissue

Found in:
1. Dermis
2. Liver
3. Kidney
4. Spleen
5. Lymph Nodes
6. Bone Marrow

Variety of organs that need support

155
Q

Connective Tissue

Identify the connective tissue and where it is located.

(hint: 3)
A

Dense irregular connective tissue

Located in:
1. Dermis
2. Capsules of visceral organs
3. Nerve and muscle sheaths

Periostea and perichondria

156
Q

Connective Tissue

Identify the connective tissue and where it is located.

(hint: 4)

A

Elastic cartilage

Found in:
1. Auricle of external ear
2. Epiglottis
3. Auditory canal
4. Cuneiform cartilage of the larynx

157
Q

Connective Tissue

Identify the connective tissue and where it is located.

(hint: 5)

A

Hyaline cartilage

Found in:
1. Between tips of ribs and bones of sternum
2. Covering bone surfaces at synovial joints
3. Supporting the larynx (voice box)
4. Trachea and bronchi
5. Forming part of the nasal septum

Articular cartilage at the femur is hyaline cartilage

158
Q

Connective Tissue

Identify the connective tissue and where it is located.

(hint: 2)

(hint: 2)
A

Blood (fluid connective tissue)

Located in:
1. Blood vessels
2. Heart

159
Q

Connective Tissue

Identify the connective tissue and where it is located.

(hint: 1)
A

Bone (compact)

Found in:
1. Outer layers of bones

160
Q

Connective Tissue

Identify the connective tissue and where it is located.

(hint: 3)
A

Fibrocartilage

Found in:
1. Meniscus of the knee joint
2. Intervertebral discs
3. Between pubic bones (pubic symphysis)

Forms discs

161
Q

Connective Tissue

Identify the connective tissue and where it is located.

(hint: 1)
A

(Dense) Elastic connective tissue

Located in:
1. Walls of large arteries

Between vertebrae of the spinal column, ligaments supporting the penis, ligaments supporting transitional epitehlia

162
Q

Connective Tissue

Identify the tissue and where it is located.

(hint: 4)
A

Elastic cartilage

Found in:
1. Auricle of the external ear
2. Epiglottis
3. Cuneiform cartilages of the larynx
4. Auditory canal

163
Q

Connective Tissue

Identify the connective tissues and where it is located:

A

Fibrocartilage

Found in:
1. Meniscus of the knee joint
2. Intervertebral discs
3. Between pubic bones (pubic symphysis)

Forms discs

164
Q

Connective Tissue

Identify the connective tissue and where it is located.

(hint: 5)
A

Reticular connective tissue

Found in:
1. Liver
2. Kidney
3. Spleen
4. Lymph nodes
5. Bone marrow

165
Q

Connective Tissue

Identify the connective tissue and where it is located.

(hint: 4)
A

Adipose connective tissue

Found in:
1. Deep to the skin
2. Abdominal region
3. Buttocks and breasts
4. Padding around eyes and kidneys

Protects sensitive organs from abrasion

166
Q

Connective Tissue

Identify the connective tissue and where it is located

(hint: 5)
A

Hyaline cartilage

Found in:
1. Between tips of ribs and bones of sternum
2. Covering bone surfaces at synovial joints
3. Supporting larynx
4. Trachea and bronchi
5. Forming part of the nasal septum

167
Q

Connective Tissue

Identify the connective tissue and where it is located.

(hint: 2)
A

Dense regular connective tissue

Found in:
1. Tendons (muscle to bone)
2. Ligaments (bone to bone)

Covering skeletal muscle and fasciae

168
Q

Connective Tissue

Identify the connective tissue and where it is located.

(hint: 4)
A

Areolar connective tissue

Found in:
1. Within and deep to the dermis of the skin
2. Covered by the epithelial lining of the digestive, respiratory, and urinary tracts.
3. Between muscles
4. Around joints, blood vessels, and nerves

169
Q

Connective Tissue

Identify the connective tissue and where it is located.

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

Found in:
1. Dermis
2. Capsules of visceral organs
3. Nerve and muscle sheaths

170
Q

Connective Tissues

(…) cartilage is the most common type of cartilage. It is tough and somewhat flexible because its matrix contains closely packed collagen fibers.

The articular cartilages, which cover bone surfaces in many joints are made of this type of cartilage.

Because these fibers are not in large bundles and do not stain darkly, they are not always apparent in light microscopy

A

Hyaline cartilage

171
Q

Connective Tissues

(…) cartilage is extremely resilient and flexible because it contains numerous elastic fibers.

Appears darker stained with white-nuclei

A

Elastic cartilage

172
Q

Connective Tissues

(…) is extremely durable and tough because it has little ground substance and its matrix is dominated by densely interwoven collagen fibers.

It resists compression, absorbs shock, prevents damage bone-to-bone contact, and limits movement.

A

Fibrocartilage

Makes discs for joints and etc.

173
Q

Connective Tissues

Function:

  1. Resists compression
  2. Bone-to-bone contact (or damage)
  3. Limits movement
A

Fibrocartilage

174
Q

Connective Tissues

Functions:

  1. Provides support but tolerates distortion without damage
  2. Returns structures to their original shape
A

Elastic cartilage

175
Q

Connective Tissues

Functions:

  1. Provides stiff but somewhat flexible support
  2. Reduces friction between bony surfaces
A

Hyaline cartilage

176
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the tissue at the pointer and where is it found?

A

Dense regular connective tissue

Found in:
1. Tendons
2. Ligaments

177
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the tissue at the pointer.

A

Blood

178
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the tissue at the pointer.

A

Bone

179
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the tissue at the pointer and where is it found?

(hint: 3)
A

Dense irregular connective tissue

Found in:
1. Dermis
2. Fibrous capsules of organs and joints
3. Digestive tract

180
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the tissue at the pointer and where is it found?

(hint: 3)
A

Fibrocartilage

Found in:
1. Intervertebral discs
2. Pubic symphysis
3. Discs of knee joints

181
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the tissue at the pointer

A

Adipose

182
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the tissue at the pointer.

A

Hyaline cartilage

Lacuna is the structure and the cell is a chondrocyte

183
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the tissue at the pointer

A

Elastic cartilage

184
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the tissue at the pointer and where is it found?

(hint: 4)
A

Hyaline cartilage

Found in:
1. Found at the ends of bones
2. The nose
3. Trachea/bronchi
4. Larynx

185
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the tissue at the pointer

A

Areolar connective tissue

Contains elastic, collagen, and reticular fibers

186
Q

Connective Tissues

Which of the following connective tissue cells consists of a matrix of fibers?

A. Bone
B. Cartilage
C. Areolar, adipose, reticular, and dense

A

C. Areolar, adipose, reticular, and dense

187
Q

Connective Tissues

Which of the following connective tissues cell consist of a matrix of gelatinous material?

A. Cartilage
B. Lymph
C. Areolar, adipose, reticular, and dense

A

A. Cartilage

188
Q

Connective Tissues

Which of the following connective tissue cells are associated with a gel matrix?

A. Adipocytes
B. Chondrocytes
C. Osteocytes

A

B. Chondrocytes

189
Q

Connective Tissues

In order to hold tissue together, fibers are involved. Which of the following types of fibers hold tissue together by forming a net-like arrangement of fibers?

A. Collagen
B. Elastic
C. Reticular

A

C. Reticular

190
Q

Connective Tissues

Osteocytes are stationary cells sitting in small depressions in the bone matrix. These small depressions are called (…)

A. Lacunae
B. Lamellae
C. Osteons

A

lacunae

191
Q

Connective Tissues

Since osteocytes are stationary cells that help make strong bones, they cannot move to get nutrients. Nutrients have to travel to the oteocytes from the blood in the central canal to the osteocytes via (…)

A. Canaliculi
B. Lamellae
C. Plasma

A

A. Canaliculi

192
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the connective tissue

A

Dense regular connective tissue

193
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the connective tissue

A

Spongy bone

194
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the connective tissue

A

Elastic cartilage

195
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the connective tissue

A

Areolar connective tissue

196
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the connective tissue

A

Adipose tissue

197
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the connective tissue

A

Reticular connective tissue

198
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the connective tissue

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

199
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the connective tissue

A

Fibrocartilage

200
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the connective tissue

A

Hyaline cartilage

201
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the connective tissue

A

Reticular connective tissue

202
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the connective tissue

A

Bone (compact/dense)

203
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the connective tissue

A

Hyaline cartilage

204
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the connective tissue

A

Areolar connective tissue

205
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the connective tissue

A

Fibrocartilage

206
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the connective tissue

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

207
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the connective tissue

A

Elastic cartilage

208
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the connective tissue

A

Adipose connective tissue

209
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the connective tissue at the pointer.

A

Fibrocartilage

Matrix is filled with collagen protein fibers, it is found in meniscus of knee, intervertebral discs, and pubic symphysis

210
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the connective tissue at the pointer.

A

Areolar connective tissue

Pick-up sticks pattern, it is loose

211
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the connective tissue at the pointer.

A

Dense regular connective tissue

Forms tendons and ligaments

212
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the connective tissue at the pointer.

A

Reticular connective tissue

Branching protein fibers

213
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the connective tissue at the pointer

A

Elastic cartilage

Has lacunae so it’s a cartilage, black fibers means it is elastic protein fibers made by chondrocytes

214
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the tissue at the pointer

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

215
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the connective tissue at the pointer

A

Hyaline cartilage

Haze-y and glass-like

216
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the connective tissue at the pointer

A

Reticular connective tissue

217
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the connective tissue at the pointer

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

218
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the connective tissue at the pointer

A

Dense regular connective tissue

219
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the connective tissue at the pointer

A

Hyaline cartilage

220
Q

Connective Tissues

Identify the connective tissue at the pointer

A

Fibrocartilage

Introduction to Human Anatomy (8 decks)

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