Integumentary System and Osseous Tissue

Question 1

Integument System

The skin consists of two layers:

Answer 1

1. Epidermis
2. Dermis

Question 2

Integument System

An outer protective layer consisting of a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium derived from embryonic endoderm.

Answer 2

epidermis

Question 3

Integument System

A dense connective tissue layer that gives skin most of its thickness and support and is derived from embryonic mesoderm.

Answer 3

Dermis

Question 4

Integument System

What are the five layers of the epidermis from deep-to-superficial?

(hint: 5)

Answer 4

1. Stratum basale
2. Stratum spinosum
3. Stratum granulosum
4. Stratum lucidum
5. Stratum corneum

Question 5

Integument System

What are the five layers of the epidermis from superficial-to-deep?

Answer 5

1. Stratum corneum
2. Stratum lucidum
3. Stratum granulosum
4. Stratum spinosum
5. Stratum basale

Question 6

Integument System

An anuclear cell layer that is thick, comprised of 20-30 cells in thickness, and contained flattened cells filled almost entirely with keratin filaments; this layer provides a durable protective covering that resists water loss.

Answer 6

Stratum corneum

Question 7

Integument System

A layer of 1-3 cells thick; its cells contain keratohyalin granules, which contain a protein that will aggregate the keratin filaments of the next layer; these cells begin to flatten, and their nuclei and cell organelles begin to disintegrate.

Answer 7

Stratum granulosum

Question 8

Integument System

A layer that is several cell layers thick; its cells contains “spiny” cytoplasmic processes, but the processes are lost as the cells ascend toward the surface of the skin.

Answer 8

Stratum spinosum

Question 9

Integument System

A single germinal basal cell layer that is mitotically active and provides cells for the layers superficial to it; it is attached to the underlying dermis.

Answer 9

Stratum basale

Question 10

Integument System

A layer of the epidermis that appears as a glassy layer in thick skin only

Answer 10

Stratum lucidum

Question 11

Integument System

Layers of epidermis that consist of flattened, dead, interlocking keratinocytes & is water resistant but not waterproof

20-30 cell layers

Answer 11

Stratum corneum

Question 12

Integument System

A layer of the epidermis that contain keratinocytes which produce keratin. The keratin fibers develop as the cells become thinner, and gradually the PM thicken, and the organelle disintegrates, and the cell dies.

It looks grainy

Answer 12

Stratum granulosum

Question 13

Integument System

A layer of epidermis that have cells that contain keratinocytes which are bound together by desmosomes.

Answer 13

Stratum spinosum

Question 14

Integument System

This layer of the epidermis is attached to a basement membrane and contains basal cells (stem cells), melanocytes, and tactile cells (Merkel cells)

Answer 14

Stratum basale

Question 15

Integument System

What are the two layers of the dermis?

Answer 15

1. Papillary layer
2. Reticular layer

1. Nourishes and supports the epidermis
2. Has sensory receptors that detect touch, pressure, pain, vibration and temperature. Blood vessels also assist in thermoregulation.

Question 16

Integument System

The epidermis consists of which type of epithelium?

Answer 16

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 17

Integument System

What is #1?

Answer 17

Arrector pili muscle

Contracts to make the hair pull up

Question 18

Integument System

What is #2?

Answer 18

Sebaceous (oil) glands

Question 19

Integument System

What is #3?

Answer 19

Artery

Question 20

Integument System

What is #4?

Answer 20

Vein

Question 21

Integument System

What is #5?

Answer 21

Hair bulb

Question 22

Integument System

What is #6?

Answer 22

Adipose (fat) tissue

Question 23

Integument System

What is #7?

Answer 23

Sudoriferous (sweat) gland

Question 24

Integument System

What is #8?

Answer 24

Sweat duct

Question 25

# Integument System What is #9?

Answer 25

Nerve

Question 26

# Integument System What do we call a hair follicle that has exited the epidermis?

Answer 26

A hair shaft

Question 27

# Integument System Where are apocrine sweat glands found? ## Footnote **Apocrine sweat glands are odiferous**

Answer 27

1. Axilla (armpit) 2. Scrotum 3. Prepuce 4. Labia minora 5. Nipples 6. Perianal region

Question 28

# Integument System The (...) layer of the dermis extends up into the underside of the epidermis and **increases the surface area for the attachment of the epidermis** to the underlying dermal layer.

Answer 28

papillary layer

Question 29

# Integument System This layer of the **dermis** contains abundant **collagen** and **elastin fibers**, and is **heavily vascular**.

Answer 29

Papillary layer

Question 30

# Integument System The (...) dermis lies deeper and its **thicker**. It accounts for about 60-70% of the dermal thickness, and is **less cellular**.

Answer 30

reticular (layer)

Question 30

# Integument System Skin functions include | (hint: 5)

Answer 30

1. **Protection** (via mechanical abrasion & immune responses) 2. **Temperature regulation** 3. **Sensation** (via mechanoreceptors, pain, and thermoreceptors) 4. **Endocrine** (via secretion of hormones, cytokines, and growth factors) 5. **Exocrine** (via secretion from sweat glands and sebum from sebaceous glands)

Question 30

# Osseous Tissue What are **bone cells** called?

Answer 30

Osteocytes

Question 30

# Osseous Tissue In the bone, this structure in the matrix contains osteocytes.

Answer 30

Lacunae

Question 31

# Osseous Tissue Lacunae are typically organized around blood vessels. Vertical blood vessels are called (...) canals and horizontal blood vessels are called (...) canals.

Answer 31

Central, perforating

Question 32

# Osseous Tissue Can diffusion occur through bone matrix?

Answer 32

No, it cannot. It must travel through canaliculi.

Question 33

# Osseous Tissue Diffusion can not take place through the bone matrix, but osteocytes communicate with the blood vessels (and with one another) by means of slender cytoplasmic extensions called:

Answer 33

canaliculi ## Footnote **These passageways form a branching network for the exchange of materials between blood vessels, interstitial fluid, and osteocytes**

Question 34

# Osseous Tissue The surfaces of bone are **sheathed** by (...), a covering composed of **fibrous** (outer) and **cellular** (inner) layers

Answer 34

periosteum

Question 34

# Osseous Tissue The (...) helps to **attach a bone to surrouding tissues** and to associated **tendons and ligaments.**

Answer 34

periosteum

Question 35

# Osseous Tissue What is #1?

Answer 35

Osteocyte(s)

Question 36

# Osseous Tissue What is #2?

Answer 36

Lamellae ## Footnote **The ECM AROUND osteocytes that gives compact bone its hardness and rigidity**

Question 37

# Osseous Tissue What is #3?

Answer 37

Periosteum

Question 38

# Osseous Tissue What is #4?

Answer 38

Compact bone

Question 39

# Osseous Tissue What is #5?

Answer 39

Spongy bone

Question 40

# Osseous Tissue What is #6?

Answer 40

Trabeculae ## Footnote **Lattice-like arrangment of osteocytes that is next to red bone marrow**

Question 41

# Osseous Tissue What is #7?

Answer 41

Lacunae

Question 42

# Osseous Tissue What is #1?

Answer 42

Central (blood vessel) canal

Question 43

# Osseous Tissue What is #2?

Answer 43

Perforating canal

Question 44

# Osseous Tissue What is #3?

Answer 44

Lacunae

Question 45

# Osseous Tissue What is #4?

Answer 45

Osteocyte

Question 46

# Osseous Tissue What is #5?

Answer 46

Canaliculi