Introduction to the Respiratory System Flashcards
What are the overall functions of the nasal cavity?
1) Warms and moistens inspired air
2) Recovers water from expired air
3) Speech production
4) Olfaction
5) Induce turbulent flow
What is the pharynx?
A muscular tube that connects the nasal cavity to the larynx and oesophagus
Which 3 parts is the pharynx comprised of?
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
What are the 4 paranasal sinuses?
Maxillary, frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid
What is thought to be the function of the paranasal sinuses?
Contribute to humidifying of inspired air
What does the larynx mostly consist of and what does it contain?
Cartilage, contains vocal cords
How many lobes does the right lung have?
3
How many lobes does the left lung have?
2
What makes up the conducting portion airways?
Trachea
Primary, secondary, tertiary bronchi
Bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles
What makes up the respiratory portion of the airways?
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveoli
Where do the ribs articulate?
Head of rib - with 2 vertebrae
Tubercle - with transverse process of vertebrae
Which ribs are ‘floating’?
11+12
How do ribs move during inhalation?
Outwards and upwards
What is the main reason for the increase in thoracic volume during inhalation?
Movement of diaphragm
Why does air move into the lungs during inhalation?
Movement of the ribs and diaphragm increase thoracic volume therefore decreasing thoracic pressure. As atmospheric pressure is now greater than thoracic pressure, air moves in down a pressure gradient.
How is the diaphragm innervated?
Phrenic nerve (C3, C4, C5)