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ESA3 - Respiratory System > Introduction to the Respiratory System > Flashcards

Introduction to the Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the overall functions of the nasal cavity?

A

1) Warms and moistens inspired air
2) Recovers water from expired air
3) Speech production
4) Olfaction
5) Induce turbulent flow

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2
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

A muscular tube that connects the nasal cavity to the larynx and oesophagus

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3
Q

Which 3 parts is the pharynx comprised of?

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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4
Q

What are the 4 paranasal sinuses?

A

Maxillary, frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid

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5
Q

What is thought to be the function of the paranasal sinuses?

A

Contribute to humidifying of inspired air

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6
Q

What does the larynx mostly consist of and what does it contain?

A

Cartilage, contains vocal cords

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7
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3

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8
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

A

2

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9
Q

What makes up the conducting portion airways?

A

Trachea
Primary, secondary, tertiary bronchi
Bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles

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10
Q

What makes up the respiratory portion of the airways?

A

Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveoli

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11
Q

Where do the ribs articulate?

A

Head of rib - with 2 vertebrae

Tubercle - with transverse process of vertebrae

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12
Q

Which ribs are ‘floating’?

A

11+12

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13
Q

How do ribs move during inhalation?

A

Outwards and upwards

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14
Q

What is the main reason for the increase in thoracic volume during inhalation?

A

Movement of diaphragm

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15
Q

Why does air move into the lungs during inhalation?

A

Movement of the ribs and diaphragm increase thoracic volume therefore decreasing thoracic pressure. As atmospheric pressure is now greater than thoracic pressure, air moves in down a pressure gradient.

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16
Q

How is the diaphragm innervated?

A

Phrenic nerve (C3, C4, C5)

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17
Q

Why do you get shoulder tip pain as a result of damage or irritation of the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic nerve is C3, C4, C5

These dermatomes cover the shoulder

18
Q

What type of muscle is the diaphragm?

A

Skeletal

19
Q

Is the diaphragm under automatic or somatic control?

A

Somatic

20
Q

What are the three layers intercostal muscles?

A

External, internal and innermost

21
Q

True or False:

The major neurocascular bundles runs aove the rib

A

FALSE

Runs below

22
Q

At what level does the vena cava pass through the diaphragm?

A

T8

23
Q

At what level does the oesophagus pass through the diaphragm?

A

T10

24
Q

At what level does the aorta pass through the diaphragm?

A

T12

25
Q

In which direction do the muscle fibres of the internal and innermost intercostals run?

A

Perpendicular

26
Q

In which direction do the muscle fibres of the external intercostals run?

A

Hands in pocket direction

27
Q

What is the action of the external intercostals?

A

When they contract, they pull the ribs upwards during inhalation

28
Q

What is the action of the internal and innermost intercostals?

A

When they contract, they pull the ribs downwards during exhalation

29
Q

What can be some accessory muscles of respiration?

A

Pec major and SCM

30
Q

Which neurovascular bundle runs below the rib?

A

Intercostal artery, vein and nerve

31
Q

Where does the blood from the azygos venous system drain?

A

Superior vena cava

32
Q

What is the venous system for the intercostals called?

A

Azygos system

33
Q

What does the left lung have a groove for?

A

Aorta

34
Q

What does the right lung have a groove for?

A

Oesophagus

35
Q

What enters at the hylum of the lung?

A

Neurovascular bundles, bronchi

36
Q

Why are foreign objects more likely to end up in the right bronchus/lung?

A

It is more vertical than the left

37
Q

What are the relative positions of the structures in the hilum of the lung?

A

Airways behind
Pulmonary arteries above
Pulmonary veins below

38
Q

What is the costophrenic recess?

A

Potential space located at the junction of the costal pleura and diaphragmatic pleura

39
Q

What arteries supply lung tissue?

A

Bronchial arteries

40
Q

What level is the diaphragm located?

A

Left side - 5th intercostal space

Right side - 4th intercostal space

ESA3 - Respiratory System (16 decks)

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