Introduction To The Immune System

Question 1

What causes digeorge syndrome?

Answer 1

Contiguous deletion of 22q11.21 through 22q11.23

Question 2

What are some symptoms of digeorge syndrome?

Answer 2

Thymic hypoplasia or asplasia, hypoparathyroidism, congenital caridac malformation, characteristic faces sometimes cleft palate

Question 3

Degree of immunodeficiency varies considerably with Digeorge syndrome based on what?

Answer 3

Degree of thymus loss

Question 4

What are patients with Digeorge syndrome susceptible to?

Answer 4

Intracellular infections —> they don’t have a fully functional thymus

Question 5

What antibodies types are responsible for inflammation?

Answer 5

IgG and IgM

Question 6

The mother provides which isotope of antibody to the fetus?

Answer 6

IgG

Question 7

What isotope is given to the baby in breast milk?

Answer 7

IgA

Question 8

What is the signature cytokine(s) in Th1?

Answer 8

IFN-gamma

Question 9

What is the signature cytokine(s) of Th2?

Answer 9

IL4, IL5, IL13

Question 10

What cytokine(s) are secreted by Th17 cells?

Answer 10

IL17a, IL17f, IL22

Question 11

Th1 functions primarily in production of ________ and the activation of what?

Answer 11

IgG, macrophage

Question 12

Th1 protects from what?

Answer 12

Intracellular microbes

Question 13

What is the role of Th1 in diseases?

Answer 13

Autoimmune, tissue damage associated with chronic infections

Question 14

What are the immune reactions of Th2?

Answer 14

Mast cell and eosinophil activation, IgE production, alternative macrophage activation

Question 15

What does IgE primarily play a role in

Answer 15

Atopic diseases

Question 16

What does Th2 defend against?

Answer 16

Helminthic parasites

Question 17

What is the role of Th2 in diseases?

Answer 17

Allergies

Question 18

What is the immune reaction of Th17?

Answer 18

Neutrophilic and monocytic inflammation

Question 19

What is the role of Th17 in host defense ?

Answer 19

Extracellular bacteria and fungi

Question 20

What is the role of Th17 in disease?

Answer 20

Autoimmune inflammatory diseases

Question 21

What is presented to a naive CD4+ t-cell to become a Th1?

Answer 21

IL12

Question 22

What is the activation signal for macrophages?

Answer 22

IFN-gamma

Question 23

CD8+ t-cells are also known as what?

Answer 23

Cytotoxic t-cells and they use lytic granules to kill the cells to which they bind

Question 24

B cells have what signals on them?

Answer 24

CD19, CD21

Question 25

All t cells have what CD

Answer 25

3

Question 26

T helper cells have what CD

Answer 26

3, 4

Question 27

T regulatory cells have what CD on them?

Answer 27

3, 4, 25, IL-10, TGF-beta

Question 28

Cytotoxic t cells express what CD?

Answer 28

3, 8