CIS Clusterfuck

Question 1

The primary immmune response results in immunological memory refers to as

Answer 1

Priming

Question 2

What happens during subsequent exposure?

Answer 2

The response is stronger and faster than previous exposures

Question 3

What is herd immunity?

Answer 3

A reduction in transmission of diseases because a percentage of the population is immunized against the pathogen

Question 4

Why aren’t 100% of people vaccinated?

Answer 4

Pregnant women can’t get live vaccines; the elderly and children and those who are otherwise immunosuppressed would have detrimental effects

Question 5

What are the 4 reasons for passive immunization?

Answer 5

1. Prevent disease after a known exposure
2. Reduce symptoms of ongoing disease
3. Protect immunosuppressed patients
4. Block and sequester bacterial toxins

Question 6

What is the most important part of active immunization?

Answer 6

Activation of T cells so that you are sure you get memory

Question 7

What is combined active-passive immunization?

Answer 7

Getting immediate treatment through artificial passive through IVIg AND giving long term protection through administration of the vaccine

Question 8

Why can’t we immediately vaccinate children?

Answer 8

They may not have immune maturity; children don’t have an immune response to Ag presented too early

Question 9

What is the timeline of Ab in a fetus to birth?

Answer 9

Maternal IgG is passed on to the fetus —> IgM is first synthesized and baby receives maternal IgA from breast milk —> then transitions into “adulthood” IgG and IgA produced

Question 10

What are live vaccines?

Answer 10

Live versions of the pathogen are given (live viruses from another species OR live, attenuated viruses)

Question 11

What are inactivated vaccines?

Answer 11

Portions of pathogens or inactivated pathogens (killed or inactivated viruses, subunit or component, toxoid, conjugate)

Question 12

What is the role of adjuvants being added to vaccinations?

Answer 12

Titrate out exposure (oil prolongs dispersal), invokes mild inflammation to attract phagocytes, used to increase overall effectiveness

Question 13

Conjugate vaccines function as what?

Answer 13

Haptens, they form complexes

Question 14

What is the absence of a normal immune response?

Answer 14

Anergy

Question 15

What is the larger fragment in component called? Smaller?

Answer 15

B-big a-small

Question 16

What is the function of the B fragment?

Answer 16

This is the active complement fragment

Question 17

What is the a fragment of complement?

Answer 17

This is the anaphylatoxin portion and it diffuses from the site and plays a role in initiating localized inflammatory response

Question 18

What is the classical complement complex?

Answer 18

C4b2b3b

Question 19

What is the alternative complement complex?

Answer 19

C3bBb3b

Question 20

What are the three complement activation pathways?

Answer 20

Lectin, alternative, classical

Question 21

How is the classical complement pathway activated?

Answer 21

Antibody binding to antigen initiates the path

Question 22

What is the alternative complement pathway activated by?

Answer 22

The spontaneous proteolysis of C3–> C3b + C3a

Question 23

What is the purpose of the activation of alternate complement pathway?

Answer 23

There is a vigilant immune system primed to deal with pathogens

Question 24

What activates the lectin pathway?

Answer 24

Serum mannose binding protein to a bacteria initiating the cascade

Question 25

How many antibodies need to bind to form the C1 component?

Answer 25

1 IgM or 2 IgG

Question 26

What does C1 bind to start complement activation?

Answer 26

C1 binds to the Fc portion of the antibody

Question 27

What is C1 made of?

Answer 27

It is made of the C1q hexamer, 2 C1r and 2 C1s

Question 28

Binding of multiple ________ domains of C1 causes a conformational change which yields C1qrs complex?

Answer 28

C1q domains

Question 29

What cleaves C4?

Answer 29

C1qrs (active)

Question 30

What happens after C4 gets cleaved?

Answer 30

C4b comes down and attaches to cell membrane near where the antibody is bound

Question 31

After C4b attaches to the membrane, what is the next step in the classical pathway?

Answer 31

C2 binds to C4b —> C1qrs cleaves C2 into C2a and C2b

Question 32

After C2a and C2b are created which one associates with C4 and what C4 does it attach to?

Answer 32

They become active and connect to C4a; C3 convertase (C4b2a)

Question 33

What is responsible for distinction between self and non-self?

Answer 33

C3

Question 34

What is a C3 convertase made of?

Answer 34

C4b2a, then C3b comes and connects to the complex C4b2a and becomes C4b2a3b

Question 35

What is C4b2a3b complex called?

Answer 35

C5 convertase

Question 36

What are the components of MAC complex?

Answer 36

C5b, C6, C7, C8, C9