Introduction to the Human Body

Question 1

Ana meaning

Answer 1

parts

Question 2

Tomy meaning

Answer 2

to cut

Question 3

physio meaning

Answer 3

Nature

Question 4

Study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts

Answer 4

anatomy

Question 5

Large structures that are easily observable of our naked eye

Answer 5

Gross anatomy

Question 5

➔ Parts and processes happening within the organ + its function
➔ Study how the body and its parts work or function

Answer 5

physiology

Question 6

Processes inside the cell

Answer 6

cellular physiology

Question 7

Small structures that can be only viewed through the use of a microscope

Answer 7

Micro anatomy

Question 8

Function of organs and organ system

Answer 8

systemic physiology

Question 9

Atoms combine to form molecules

Answer 9

chemical level

Question 10

Cells are made up of molecules

Answer 10

cellular level

Question 11

Tissues consist of similar types of cells

Answer 11

Tissue level

Question 12

Organ made up of different types of tissues

Answer 12

Organ level

Question 13

These are made up of different organs working closely together. These organs share a common purpose.

Answer 13

Organ system level

Question 13

Human organisms are made up of many organ systems

Answer 13

Organismal level

Question 14

Components: Hair, skin, fingernails

Answer 14

integumentary system

Question 15

Provides protection; acts as the body’s external covering. It’s dry to protect us, aids in thermoregulation through perspiration, and contains sensory receptors for touch.

Answer 15

skin

Question 16

Offer protection, both made of keratin.

Answer 16

hair and fingernails

Question 17

Cartilages, Joint, and bones

Answer 17

skeletal system

Question 18

How many bones does the human body have

Answer 18

206 = 80 axial + 126 appendicular

Question 19

○ Components: Brain, Sensory Receptor, Spinal cord, and nerves

Answer 19

Nervous system

Question 19

Components: Skeletal Muscles
Contracts for movement.
Assists blood flow in veins and vessels.
Generates heat.

Answer 19

Muscular system

Question 20

Brain and spinal cord

Answer 20

CNS

Question 21

Nerves

Answer 21

PNS

Question 21

Components: Pineal gland, Pituitary gland, Thyroid gland, Thymus gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, testis (male), and ovary (female)
○ Controls body functions through hormone secretion.
○ Regulates other structures by producing hormones.
○ Manages bodily activities slowly, especially during fight-or-flight responses.
○ Glands are not anatomically attached.

Answer 21

Endocrine system

Question 22

○ Components: Heart and Blood Vessels
○ Pumps blood throughout the body.
○ The heart collects oxygenated blood from the lungs and distributes it.
○ Facilitates the exchange of biomolecules and byproducts.

Answer 22

Cardiovascular system

Question 23

○ Components:Lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels
○ Protects through lymphoid organs.
○ Returns leaked tissues to the bloodstream via lymphatic vessels.
○ Cleanses blood and houses white blood cells.
○ Uses muscle contraction
for lymph flow.
○ Macrophages in lymphatic
organs target invaders.

Answer 23

Lymphatic system

Question 24

○ Components: Nasal cavity, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, and Lungs
○ Facilitates respiration (inhalation and exhalation).

Answer 24

Respiratory system

Question 24

○ Male Components: Seminal vesicles, Penis, prostate gland, testis, Scrotum
○ Female Components: Mammary glands (in the breast), uterine tube,

Answer 24

Reproductive system

Question 25

○ Components: Oral Cavity, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, and Rectum
○ Breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and reabsorbs water
○ Delivers nutrients to the bloodstream for body-wide distribution.

Answer 25

Digestive systems

Question 26

○ Components: Kidney, Ureter, urinary Bladder, and Urethra
○ Eliminates waste through urine
○ Maintains pH, water and electrolyte balance, and normal blood pressure.
○ Excretes nitrogenous wastes and regulates acid-base balance.

Answer 26

Urinary system

Question 27

Functional interrelationships between
parts

Answer 27

Organizational

Question 27

Sum of all chemical and physical changes sustaining an organism
→ Ability to acquire and use energy in
support of these changes

Answer 27

Metabolism

Question 28

→ Can increase in size
→ Size of cells, groups of cells, extracellular materials

Answer 28

Growth

Question 29

→ Ability to sense and respond to environmental changes
→ Includes both internal and external environments

Answer 29

Responsiveness

Question 30

→ Required for chemical reactions
→ Made available by the cooperation of
the respiratory and cardiovascular systems

Answer 30

Oxygen

Question 30

→ Formation of new cells
→ Procreation and perpetuate life
→ Occurs on the cellular (cell division)
and organismal level

Answer 30

Reproduction

Question 31

→ Changes in form and size
→ Changes in cell structure and
function from generalized to specialized - differentiation

Answer 31

Development

Question 32

Chemical used for energy and cell
building include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals

Answer 32

Nutrients

Question 33

→ 60 to 80 percent of body weight
→ Most abundant chemical in the human body
→ Provides fluid base for body secretions and excretions

Answer 33

Water

Question 34

what is the normal body temperature

Answer 34

37C or 98.6F

Question 35

Must be appropriate for gas exchange

Answer 35

atmospheric pressure