Introduction to the Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

Ana meaning

A

parts

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2
Q

Tomy meaning

A

to cut

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3
Q

physio meaning

A

Nature

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4
Q

Study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts

A

anatomy

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5
Q

Large structures that are easily observable of our naked eye

A

Gross anatomy

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5
Q

➔ Parts and processes happening within the organ + its function
➔ Study how the body and its parts work or function

A

physiology

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6
Q

Processes inside the cell

A

cellular physiology

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7
Q

Small structures that can be only viewed through the use of a microscope

A

Micro anatomy

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8
Q

Function of organs and organ system

A

systemic physiology

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9
Q

Atoms combine to form molecules

A

chemical level

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10
Q

Cells are made up of molecules

A

cellular level

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11
Q

Tissues consist of similar types of cells

A

Tissue level

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12
Q

Organ made up of different types of tissues

A

Organ level

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13
Q

These are made up of different organs working closely together. These organs share a common purpose.

A

Organ system level

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13
Q

Human organisms are made up of many organ systems

A

Organismal level

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14
Q

Components: Hair, skin, fingernails

A

integumentary system

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15
Q

Provides protection; acts as the body’s external covering. It’s dry to protect us, aids in thermoregulation through perspiration, and contains sensory receptors for touch.

A

skin

16
Q

Offer protection, both made of keratin.

A

hair and fingernails

17
Q

Cartilages, Joint, and bones

A

skeletal system

18
Q

How many bones does the human body have

A

206 = 80 axial + 126 appendicular

19
Q

○ Components: Brain, Sensory Receptor, Spinal cord, and nerves

A

Nervous system

19
Q

Components: Skeletal Muscles
Contracts for movement.
Assists blood flow in veins and vessels.
Generates heat.

A

Muscular system

20
Q

Brain and spinal cord

A

CNS

21
Q

Nerves

A

PNS

21
Q

Components: Pineal gland, Pituitary gland, Thyroid gland, Thymus gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, testis (male), and ovary (female)
○ Controls body functions through hormone secretion.
○ Regulates other structures by producing hormones.
○ Manages bodily activities slowly, especially during fight-or-flight responses.
○ Glands are not anatomically attached.

A

Endocrine system

22
Q

○ Components: Heart and Blood Vessels
○ Pumps blood throughout the body.
○ The heart collects oxygenated blood from the lungs and distributes it.
○ Facilitates the exchange of biomolecules and byproducts.

A

Cardiovascular system

23
Q

○ Components:Lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels
○ Protects through lymphoid organs.
○ Returns leaked tissues to the bloodstream via lymphatic vessels.
○ Cleanses blood and houses white blood cells.
○ Uses muscle contraction
for lymph flow.
○ Macrophages in lymphatic
organs target invaders.

A

Lymphatic system

24
Q

○ Components: Nasal cavity, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, and Lungs
○ Facilitates respiration (inhalation and exhalation).

A

Respiratory system

24
Q

○ Male Components: Seminal vesicles, Penis, prostate gland, testis, Scrotum
○ Female Components: Mammary glands (in the breast), uterine tube,

A

Reproductive system

25
Q

○ Components: Oral Cavity, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, and Rectum
○ Breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and reabsorbs water
○ Delivers nutrients to the bloodstream for body-wide distribution.

A

Digestive systems

26
Q

○ Components: Kidney, Ureter, urinary Bladder, and Urethra
○ Eliminates waste through urine
○ Maintains pH, water and electrolyte balance, and normal blood pressure.
○ Excretes nitrogenous wastes and regulates acid-base balance.

A

Urinary system

27
Q

Functional interrelationships between
parts

A

Organizational

27
Q

Sum of all chemical and physical changes sustaining an organism
→ Ability to acquire and use energy in
support of these changes

A

Metabolism

28
Q

→ Can increase in size
→ Size of cells, groups of cells, extracellular materials

A

Growth

29
Q

→ Ability to sense and respond to environmental changes
→ Includes both internal and external environments

A

Responsiveness

30
Q

→ Required for chemical reactions
→ Made available by the cooperation of
the respiratory and cardiovascular systems

A

Oxygen

30
Q

→ Formation of new cells
→ Procreation and perpetuate life
→ Occurs on the cellular (cell division)
and organismal level

A

Reproduction

31
Q

→ Changes in form and size
→ Changes in cell structure and
function from generalized to specialized - differentiation

A

Development

32
Q

Chemical used for energy and cell
building include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals

A

Nutrients

33
Q

→ 60 to 80 percent of body weight
→ Most abundant chemical in the human body
→ Provides fluid base for body secretions and excretions

A

Water

34
Q

what is the normal body temperature

A

37C or 98.6F

35
Q

Must be appropriate for gas exchange

A

atmospheric pressure