Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Immunology and Haematology > Introduction to the Blood > Flashcards

Introduction to the Blood Flashcards

1
Q

what is the definition of the blood?

A

liquid connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is in plasma of the blood?

A

proteins and other solutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what it in the formed elements?

A

platelets, white blood cells and red blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the granular leukocytes?

A

neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the agranular leukocytes?

A

lymphocytes and monocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are eosinophils?

A

bilobed nucleus with red/orange granules that release histamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is a basophil?

A

mast cells that have migrated to tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does a basophil look like?

A

dark granules that make the nucleus hard to see

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is a neutrophil?

A

phagocytotic and important in inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does a neutrophil look like?

A

mutlilobed nucleus, nucleus dark and pale lilac granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what do T and B cells look like?

A

very large nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does a monocyte look like?

A

largest, horseshoe nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is an anticoagulant?

A

prevent coagulation of the blood so cells and plasma separate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

why might glucose be added to a sample?

A

to preserve certain substances within the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does a red lidded blood sample contain?

A

plain blood with no activator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is a yellow lidded blood used for?

A

clot activator with gel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the whole blood collectio tubes?

A

lavender and black

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the plasma collection tubes?

A

grey, light blue and green

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what dies altered numbers in staining indicate?

A

anameia or leukaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does morphological changes suggest?

A

genetic disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is a full blood count?

A

gives information on all cells in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is MCH?

A

mean corpuscular haemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is MCHC?

A

concentration of the MCH, average mass of haemoglobin based on the volume of blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is MCV?

A

mean corpuscular volume, average volume of red blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is erythrocyte sedimentation rate?

A

an indirect measure of sedimentation rate allowing the blood to settle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what does a low ESR indicate?

A

an increased amount of certain proteins such as immunoglobulins or fibrinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is a coagulation screen?

A

measures the bloods ability to clot and how long it takes

28
Q

what is a heamatinic assay?

A

measures the factors involved in RBC production and their abiloty to produce them

29
Q

what does an inability to produce RBC’s suggest?

A

anamia as not enough oxygen being transported to tissues

30
Q

what is immunophenotyping?

A

technique used to study proteins expressed by cells

31
Q

what is immunophenotyping important?

A

able to study certain cancers

32
Q

what can electrophoreisis be used for?

A

identifies different haemoglobin variants

33
Q

what can electrophoresis diagnose?

A

sickle cell anaemia

34
Q

what controls the RBC and platelet count?

A

negative feedback

35
Q

what is red bone marrow?

A

in new borns, all converted to yellow over time

36
Q

what does red bone marrow contain?

A

pluripotent stem cells

37
Q

why are bone marrow exams useful?

A

diagnose anaemia and leukaemia, check process of chemotherapy or do cell counts

38
Q

what does normal bone marrow look like?

A

haematopoetic stem cells in various stages of maturation

39
Q

what does leukaemic bone marrow look like?

A

filled with commonly appearing large leukamic blasts

40
Q

what is bone marrow with anaemia like?

A

profoundly hypocellular

41
Q

what stem cells come from pluripotent stem cells?

A

myeloid and lymphoid stem cells

42
Q

what are myeloid stem cells?

A

develop into red bone marrow and give rise to platelets, red blood cells and most leukocytes

43
Q

what are lymphoid stem cells?

A

begin to develop into RBM but end in lymphatic tissues and give rise to lymphocytes

44
Q

what does lymph do?

A

carries waste around the body, carries immune cells, lymph vessels take fluid to lymph nodes

45
Q

where do progenitor cells come from?

A

some myeloid stem cells develop into them

46
Q

what are progenitor cells?

A

cell that tends to differentiate into a specific type of cell

47
Q

what is a precursor cell?

A

aka a blast cell, unipotent and lost most properties

48
Q

where do precursos cells come from?

A

lymphoid stem cells

49
Q

what does EPO do?

A

produced by the kindey and stimulates the formation of red blood cells

50
Q

what does TPO do?

A

produced by the liver and stimulates haematopoietic stem cells to differentiate into megakaryocytes and then into platelets

51
Q

what are the features of erythrocytes?

A

no nucleus or mitochondria, flexible and bi-concave

52
Q

how is carbamino haemaglobin made?

A

carbon dioxide binds to amino acids of the globin molecule

53
Q

what does nitric acid do?

A

causes vasodilation and helps thrombotic control

54
Q

what does carbonic anhydrase do?

A

creates carbonic acid which dissociates into bicarbonate ions for buffer control and to carry CO2

55
Q

what is the haematocrit?

A

volume taken up by red blood cell

56
Q

what effect does testosterone have?

A

increases EPO so more red blood cells produced

57
Q

what can cause polycythaemia?

A

improper RBC production, tissue hypoxia, dehydration, blood doping

58
Q

what does high neutrophils suggest?

A

infection, stress, burn, inflammation

59
Q

what does low neutrophils suggest?

A

radiation exposure

60
Q

what does high lymphocyes suggest?

A

viral infection, some leukaemias

61
Q

what does low lymphocytes suggest?

A

prolonged illness, immunosuppression

62
Q

what does high monocyte suggest?

A

viral or fungal infection, TB, chronic illnesses

63
Q

what does low monocyte suggest?

A

bone marrow suppression

64
Q

what does high eosinophil suggest?

A

allergic reactions, parasitic infections

65
Q

what does low esoinophil suggest?

A

drug toxicity or stress

66
Q

what does high basophil suggest?

A

allergic reactions or cancer

67
Q

what does low basophil suggest?

A

pregnancy, ovulation or stress

Immunology and Haematology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions