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Immunology and Haematology > Immunopathology > Flashcards

Immunopathology Flashcards

1
Q

what is type 1 immunodeficiency?

A

immediate and uses IgE to trigger the release of inflammatory mediators, causes blood vessels to leak

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2
Q

what is type 2 immunodeficiency?

A

antibody mediated, bind to cell surface molecules recognised as non-self

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3
Q

what are examples of type 2 immunodeficiency?

A

haemolytic disease, blood transfusions

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4
Q

what is type 3 immunodeficiency?

A

antibodies react with antigens and form complexes which attract neutrophils when they are deposited

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5
Q

what is type 4 immunodeficiency?

A

delayed reaction and has involvement of T lymphocytes and no antibodies involved

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6
Q

what is autoimmunity?

A

a hierarchy of defence mechanisms to prevent autoimmune diseases

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7
Q

what are autografts?

A

grafts from the same person

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8
Q

what are allografts?

A

grafts from a different person

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9
Q

what are xenografts?

A

different species

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10
Q

where is the MHC encoded?

A

in the HLA locus

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11
Q

what are the different HLA subregions?

A

HLA A, B and C and HLA D

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12
Q

which HLA regions are class I and which are class II?

A

HLA A, B and C is MHC class-I and HLA D is class-II

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13
Q

what is hyper acute rejection?

A

anti-HLA antibodies from non donor blood transfusions

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14
Q

what is acute rejection?

A

primary response of T cells, antibodies in recipients blood reacting with organ

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15
Q

what is chronic rejection?

A

walls of the blood vessels in the graft thickening and becoming blocked

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16
Q

how can graft rejection be prevented?

A

use families, tissue-typing, immunosuppressants

17
Q

what is specific immunosuppression?

A

persistent source of antigens delivered before mature T cells develop

18
Q

what is active enhancement?

A

transfusion of donor blood one week before transplant can lead to organ acceptance

19
Q

what is passive enhancement?

A

anti-donor antibody given to the recipient at the time of transplantation

20
Q

what type of defect is caused by an extracellular bacteria?

A

antibody defect

21
Q

what type of defect is caused by viruses or intracellular bacteria?

A

T cell defect

22
Q

what is primary and secondary immunodeficiency?

A

primary is congenital and secondary is acquired

23
Q

what are the features of primary immunodeficiency?

A

rare, recessive, defected thymus development

24
Q

what are the features of secondary immunodeficiency?

A

malnutrition, radiation, infections such as HIV

Immunology and Haematology (10 decks)

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