Introduction to Orthodontics Flashcards
what is orthodontics?
growth development of teeth, face and jaws
diagnosis, prevention and correction of dental facial irregularities
whats involved in a skeletal relationship?
- the calvarium (skull)
- maxilla
- upper teeth
- lower teeth
- mandible
whats a class 3 occlusion?
lower dental arch is protruded in front of maxillary teeth
whats a class 2 occlusion?
lower dental arch is retruded and sits behind opposing maxillary teeth
whats a class 1 occlusion?
relatively normal where correct relationship of teeth meet
what growth modification techniques/devices can be used to promote or restrict growth of the maxilla or mandible?
- Functional appliances
- Headgear
- Reverse pull facemask and rapid maxillary expansion (RME)
what is orthognathic surgery, and when would it be used?
when mandible/maxilla is broken and realigned to correct teeth relationship improving orthodontic outcome
what specialities are in an orthognathic team?
- orthodontist
- maxillofacial surgeon
- clinical psychologist
- maxillofacial technician
- speech therapist
- GDP
what is a cleft lip and palate?
when the structures that form the upper lip and palate fail join together during a babys development
what are the occlusal and dental anomalies that can happen in dentistry?
- crowing, spacing
- increased or reverse overjet
- anterior open bite, deep bite
- hypodontia (1+ missing teeth), supernumeraries (extra teeth)
- anterior and posterior crossbites
- ectopic teeth (tooth outwith the dental arch)
how can you make an orthodontic diagnosis?
- facial anomalies, asymmetries
- skeletal relationship
- occlusion
- study models
- radiographs (OPG, lateral cephalogram)
- photographs
- sensibility tests
what is the ultimate aims of orthodontic treatment?
- stable
- functional
- aesthetic occlusion
DONE PRIOR TO RESTORATIVE WORK
what are the general types of appliances in ortho?
- removables
- functionals
- fixed
- others [invisalign, headgear, temporary anchorage devices]
what are removable appliances used to achieve?
tip the teeth, open the bite, maintain space in arch
what are functional appliances used to achieve?
modify jaw growth
what are fixed appliances used to achieve?
TRUE 3D control of tooth position (braces etc)
what are the benefits of ortho?
Improve:
- function
- appearance
- dental health
- risk of trauma
what are risks of ortho treatment?
- decalcification
- relapse
- root resorption
- pain, discomfort
- soft tissue trauma
- loss of tooth vitality
- candidal infections
- plaque retentive factor - higher risk of dental disease
