Introduction to Orthodontics Flashcards
what is orthodontics?
growth development of teeth, face and jaws
diagnosis, prevention and correction of dental facial irregularities
whats involved in a skeletal relationship?
- the calvarium (skull)
- maxilla
- upper teeth
- lower teeth
- mandible
whats a class 3 occlusion?
lower dental arch is protruded in front of maxillary teeth
whats a class 2 occlusion?
lower dental arch is retruded and sits behind opposing maxillary teeth
whats a class 1 occlusion?
relatively normal where correct relationship of teeth meet
what growth modification techniques/devices can be used to promote or restrict growth of the maxilla or mandible?
- Functional appliances
- Headgear
- Reverse pull facemask and rapid maxillary expansion (RME)
what is orthognathic surgery, and when would it be used?
when mandible/maxilla is broken and realigned to correct teeth relationship improving orthodontic outcome
what specialities are in an orthognathic team?
- orthodontist
- maxillofacial surgeon
- clinical psychologist
- maxillofacial technician
- speech therapist
- GDP
what is a cleft lip and palate?
when the structures that form the upper lip and palate fail join together during a babys development
what are the occlusal and dental anomalies that can happen in dentistry?
- crowing, spacing
- increased or reverse overjet
- anterior open bite, deep bite
- hypodontia (1+ missing teeth), supernumeraries (extra teeth)
- anterior and posterior crossbites
- ectopic teeth (tooth outwith the dental arch)
how can you make an orthodontic diagnosis?
- facial anomalies, asymmetries
- skeletal relationship
- occlusion
- study models
- radiographs (OPG, lateral cephalogram)
- photographs
- sensibility tests
what is the ultimate aims of orthodontic treatment?
- stable
- functional
- aesthetic occlusion
DONE PRIOR TO RESTORATIVE WORK
what are the general types of appliances in ortho?
- removables
- functionals
- fixed
- others [invisalign, headgear, temporary anchorage devices]
what are removable appliances used to achieve?
tip the teeth, open the bite, maintain space in arch
what are functional appliances used to achieve?
modify jaw growth
