Facial Growth II

Question 1

What are the 2 ways bones of the face & skull form?

Answer 1

intramembranous or endochondral ossification

Question 2

where is the sites where facial growth occurs?

Answer 2

• sutures
• synchondroses (a joint connecting 2 bones with hyaline cartilage)
• surface deposition

Question 3

what are bone sutures?

Answer 3

specialised fibrous joints situated between intramembranous bone

Question 4

what is a synchondroses?

Answer 4

A hyaline cartilage joint connecting 2 bones growing out from the centre

Question 5

what is surface deposition?

Answer 5

new bone is deposited beneath the periosteum over the surfaces of both the cranial and facial bones

Question 6

the cranial vault grows till ~ what age?

Answer 6

~7 years

Question 7

the cranial base grows till ~ what age?

Answer 7

~18 years

Question 8

what is the relevance of growth of the cranial base in orthodontics?

Answer 8

important role in determining how maxilla and mandible relate to each other. The cranial base directly affects the jaw relationship.

Can cause malocclusions

Question 9

describe the growth and development of the mandible

Answer 9

• grows downwards and forwards
• growth occurs at condylar cartilage and also by surface remodelling

Question 10

what are the differences in growth of the maxilla and the mandible?

Answer 10

Mandible:
- growth accelerates significantly during puberty
- growth slows ~18yrs old

Maxilla:
- growth slows down after 7yrs old
- majority of growth completed by 12yrs

Question 11

what is the impact of facial growth on orthodontic treatment?

Answer 11

• can affect severity of malocclusion (can either fix or worsen)
• growth can be utilised to facilitate a treatment outcome (growing one area whilst preventing another can balance things)
• continued growth after ortho can lead to relapse of the treatment result

Question 12

how can facial growth changes be measured?

Answer 12

• facial casts
• cephalometry
• 3D laser scanning
• 3D photography