Introduction to organic chemistry 3.3.1

Question 1

What is meant by a chain isomer?

Answer 1

Same molecular formula but different arrangements of carbon atoms

Question 2

What is meant by a positional isomer?

Answer 2

Same molecular formula but different position of the functional group

Question 3

What is meant by a functional group isomer ?

Answer 3

Same molecular formula but different functional group

Question 4

What would an alkene in a functional isomer form?

Answer 4

All allende form a cyclic functional group isomer

Question 5

What is a structural isomer?

Answer 5

These have different structural arrangement of atoms. They can be straight chains or branched chains but will still have the same molecular formula

Question 6

What are the two types of stereoisomers ?

Answer 6

Geometric ( E-Z) isomerism
Optical isomerism

Question 7

How would you know if it’s a “Z” isomer?

Answer 7

If the molecules are opposite each other but next to each other

Question 8

How would you know if it’s an “E” isomer?

Answer 8

If the molecule is diagonal to each other , on different sides

Question 9

What is a chiral centre?

Answer 9

Where a carbon is surrounded by different functional groups around it

Question 10

What is a stereoisomer ?

Answer 10

• Same structural formula
• Different spatial arrangement of atoms / groups.

Question 11

What is the Cahn- Ingold - Prelog (CIP) Priority rules for geometric isomers ?

Answer 11

• There is a priority of different groups in molecular that can display E- Z isomerism .
• The atom or group on each side of the double bond with the higher Mr or Ar is given the higher priority .
• These groups are used to determine if it’s the E or Z isomer

Question 12

How can you tell if the atom or group on each side has a higher priority ?

Answer 12

It’s Ar or Mr is higher than the other atom or group