Bonding 3.1.3

Question 1

what is ionic bonding

Answer 1

electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions formed by electron transfer

Question 2

when is ionic bonding in ions stronger

Answer 2

when ions are smaller and / or have higher charges

Question 3

what is a covalent bond

Answer 3

shared pair of electrons

Question 4

what is a dative covalent bond

Answer 4

forms when the shared pair of electrons in the covalent bond come from only one of the bonding atoms .

Question 5

what is metallic bonding

Answer 5

electrostatic force of attraction between the positive metal ions and the delocalised electrons

Question 6

what are the 3 main factors that affect the strength of metallic bonding

Answer 6

1) number of protons / strength of nuclear attraction
2) number of delocalised electrons per atom
3) size of ion

Question 7

what are some examples of molecules with ionic bonding ( giant ionic lattice )

Answer 7

Sodium chloride
Magnesium oxide

Question 8

what are some examples of molecules with covalent bonding ( simple molecular )

Answer 8

Iodine
Ice
Carbon dioxide
water
methane

Question 9

what are some examples of molecules with covalent bonding ( giant covalent )

Answer 9

Diamond
Graphite
silicon dioxide

Question 10

what are some examples of molecules with metallic bonding ( giant metallic lattice )

Answer 10

All metals

Question 11

how many bonds do linear shaped molecules have and its bond angle

Answer 11

2 bonding pairs
no lone pairs
bond angle = 180

Question 12

how many bonds do trigonal planar shaped molecules have and its bond angle

Answer 12

3 bonded pairs
0 lone pairs
bond angle = 120

Question 13

how many bonds do tetrahedral shaped molecules have and its bond angle

Answer 13

4 bonded pairs
0 lone pairs
bond angle = 109.5

Question 14

how many bonds do trigonal pyramidal shaped molecules have and its bond angle

Answer 14

3 bonding pairs
1 lone pairs
bond angle = 107

Question 15

how many bonds do bent shaped molecules have and its bond angle

Answer 15

2 bonded pairs
2 lone pairs
bond angle = 104.5

Question 16

how many bonds do trigonal bipyramidal shaped molecules have and its bond angle

Answer 16

5 bonded pairs
0 lone pairs
bond angle = 120 and 90

Question 17

how many bonds do octahedral shaped molecules have and its bond angle

Answer 17

6 bonded pairs
0 lone pairs
bond angle = 90

Question 18

what is electronegativity

Answer 18

The relative tendency of an atom in a covalent bond in a molecule to attract electrons in a covalent bond to itself

Question 19

what are the factors affecting electronegativity

Answer 19

• increases across a period as number of protons increases and atomic radius decreases because the electrons in the same shell are pulled more
• decreases down a group because the distance between the nucleus and the outer electrons increases and the shielding increases

Question 20

when does a molecule become non polar

Answer 20

when it’s a symmetrical molecule even if the individual bonds are polar , because it’s symmetrical it will cancel out

Question 21

what’s the main factor affecting size of van de waals

Answer 21

more electrons the higher chance temporary dipoles formed.

Question 22

when do permanent dipole - dipole forces occur

Answer 22

in polar molecules

Question 23

when does hydrogen bonding occur

Answer 23

compounds that have hydrogen atom attached to one of the three most electronegative atoms of nitrogen , oxygen and fluorine which must all have a lone pair of