Alcohols 3.3.5 Flashcards
What is the boiling points of alcohols?
- Low volatility
- High boiling points due to their ability to form hydrogen bonds between alcohol molecules
- Smaller alcohols can dissolve in water because they can form hydrogen bonds to water molecules
How can we figure out if it’s a primary alcohol?
Look at the carbon attached to the -OH
Has one alkyl group (CH3) around the carbon
How can we figure out if it’s a secondary alcohol ?
Look at the carbon attached to the -OH
Has 2 alkyl groups around the carbon
How can we figure out if it’s a tertiary alcohol?
Look at the carbon attached to the -OH
Has 3 alkyl groups around the carbon
What is the oxidising agent used ?
Potassium dichromate
What is the partial oxidation of primary alcohols?
primary alcohol => aldehyde
What are the conditions and reagent needed in partial oxidation of primary alcohols?
reagent : acidified potassium dichromate solution and dilute sulfuric acid
conditions : Warm gently and distil out the aldehyde
what is the observation when adding oxidising agent
orange to green (when oxidised)
what is the functional group of an aldehyde?
-HCO
Always has the C=O bond on the first carbon chain
What is the reaction of a full oxidation of primary alcohols?
Primary alcohol => carboxylic acid
aldehyde => carboxylic acid
What is the reagent and conditions needed in the full oxidation of primary alcohols?
Reagent : acidified Potassium dichromate solution and dilute sulfuric acid
Conditions : Use excess of potassium dichromate and heat under reflux
What is reflux?
Reflux is used when heating organic reaction mixture for long periods of time
what do we not do when doing a reflux reaction?
•Never seal the end of the condenser as the build up of gas pressure could cause the apparatus to explode .
• Anti-bumping granules are added to prevent vigorous boiling
What is the reaction of the oxidation of secondary alcohols?
secondary alcohol => ketone
What is the functional group of a ketone
C=O in the middle of a chain
When ketones have 5C’s or more in a chain then it needs a number to show position of the double bond
what is the reagent and conditions needed in the oxidation of secondary alcohols?
Reagent : acidified potassium dichromate solution and dilute sulfuric acid
Conditions : Heat under reflux
Why cant tertiary alcohols be oxidised at all?
No hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon with the -OH group