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BDS3 Oral Pathology > Introduction To Oral Pathology > Flashcards

Introduction To Oral Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What are techniques to study oral pathlogy?

A

Immunohistochemistry

Molecular analysis

Electron microscopy

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2
Q

What is a differential diagnosis?

A

Symptoms math more than 1 diagnosis

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3
Q

Social history

A

Tobacco, alcohol, chewing habits, occupation

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4
Q

History of PC?

A

Pain
Lesion development
Onset
Site
Size
Initiating factor
Pain relief
Associated features

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5
Q

Family history

A

Diabetes
Liver disease
Cancer
Heart attack
Stroke

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6
Q

Accurate lesion description?

A

Site
Size
Shape
Surface
Consistency
Colour
Edge
Attachment to adjacent structures

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7
Q

What are the next steps if you have a differential doagnosis?

A

Further investigation to get definitive diagnosis

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8
Q

What are examples of investigations?

A

Imaging techniques
Haematology, clinical chemistry and immunology
Microbiology
Cellular pathology
Histopahology
Molecular pathology

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9
Q

Sialography?

A

Imaging of salivary glands

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10
Q

How would you get samples for cellular pathology? What type of biopsy?

A

Exfoliating methods (brush biopsy) - not great under the microscope

Fine needle aspiration

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11
Q

When would you use fine needle aspiration? (Cellular pathology)

A

Abscess (clear) or cyst (yellow)

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12
Q

Incisional vs excisional biopsy?

A

Incisional biopsy = small part of the lesion to make a diagnosis

Excisional = removes entire lesion

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13
Q

When would you use a punch biopsy?

A

Usually on skin but can e used in the oral mucosa

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14
Q

What is a resection biopsy?

A

Take the wide border of normal tissues

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15
Q

Where would you place the biopsy to send to the lab?

A

Placed immediately in a fixative, typically neutral buffer formalin (10% formalin in phosphate buffered saline)

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16
Q

What does fixation of the biopsy do?

A

Prevents desiccation and auto lysis and hardens the tissue in preparation for laboratory processing

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17
Q

What do you do if. Afresh samples is required?

A

Damp gauze

Can be snap frozen using liquid nitrogen or dry ice (CO2)

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18
Q

Why use snap freeze for a biopsy?

A

Can check if margins are clear, even during a surgery

E.g. clear of cancer

19
Q

What to place on a request form? (Sample labelling)

A

Patient details

Site of biopsy

Procedure (e.g. incisional versus excisional) - need to know for clear margins

Clinical history of patient

Reason for sending - histopathology

20
Q

What does it mean when the lab place tissue into cassettes?

A

Soft tissue, remove fat and water

Will appear clear under microscope

21
Q

What is the fat replaced with in th Elba? (Cassettes)

A

Wax (embedding in paraffin)

22
Q

What sections do the lab take of teh sample to be viewed under the microscope?

A

5um

23
Q

Now you have your slices t be viewed, what needs to be removed?

A

De-waxed, stained and viewed

24
Q

What are the samples stained with for microscopy?

A

Haematoxylin and eoasin (H&E)

25
Q

What colour does H stain the cell nuclei and CT? And why?

A

Dark pink and connective tissue glycoproteins light blue

26
Q

What does eosin stain the cytoplasm and CT collagen fibres?

A

Cytoplasm and ct collagen fibres a reddish pink

27
Q

What is the special stain for candida?

A

PAS

28
Q

What is a specific marker for cells? IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

A

Antigen

Primary antibody attacks to a secondary antibody with a colour (harp polymer)

29
Q

What are additional tests for individual proteins?

A

Immunofluorescence/ immunoperoxidase

30
Q

What are additional tests for a virus?

A

Situ hybridisation

31
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Proliferation of cells

32
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Enlargement of cells

33
Q

Atrophy

A

Decrease in number or size of cells

34
Q

Metaplasia

A

Change to a different type of cell - benign

35
Q

What is a common type of metaplasia?

A

Normal cells to ciliated

36
Q

Ulceration

A

Mucosa/skin with complete loss of surface epithelium

37
Q

Apoptosis

A

Single cell death (surrounded by viable cells)

Programmed cell death

38
Q

Necrosis

A

Numerous cells dying in 1 area

39
Q

Dysplasia

A

Pre-malignant

Increase in cell growth and altered differentiation, producing an overall change in archietecture of tissue

40
Q

Benign tumour

A

Tumour that does not have the potential to invade adjacent and spread to distant bodes

40
Q

Neoplasia

A

Loss of normal mechanism that regulates cel growth an differentiation

Benign or malignant

41
Q

Malignant tumour

A

Invasive tumour which has the potential to invade adjacent structure and spread to distant body sites (metastasis)

42
Q

Hyperkeratosis

A

Increased thickness of keratin layer

43
Q

Hamartoma

A

Benign

Non-neoplastic overgrowth of tissue that is disordered in structure and is composed of tissue indigenous to the anatomical site

Hey have limited growth potential

BDS3 Oral Pathology (31 decks)

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