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Gross Anatomy > Introduction to Nervous System > Flashcards

Introduction to Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the nervous system?

A

Mass of interconnecting cells possessing the properties of irritability and conductivity

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2
Q

What is irritability in the nervous system?

A

Response to a stimulus with the initiation of a nervous impulse

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3
Q

What is conductivity in the nervous system?

A

Transmission of a nervous impulse

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4
Q

What cells are involved in the nervous system?

A

Neurons

Glial Cells

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5
Q

What are neurons?

A

Structural and functional units of the nervous system carrying the impulse

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6
Q

What are glial cells?

A

Located in the CNS and associated with neurons; provide supportive function

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7
Q

What are the two parts of a neuron?

A

Cell body

Cell fibers

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8
Q

What is a group of cell bodies called within the CNS?

A

Nucleus

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9
Q

What is a group of cell bodies called within the PNS?

A

Ganglion

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10
Q

What is a dendrite?

A

Conducts nervous impulse towards the neuron cell body

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11
Q

What is an axon?

A

Conduts nervous impulse away from the neuron cell body

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12
Q

What is a dendritic axon?

A

Part of sensory neurons - pseudounipolar neurons of dorsal root ganglia

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13
Q

What is afferent?

A

Sensory (impulses to CNS)

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14
Q

What is efferent?

A

Motor (impulses away from CNS)

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15
Q

What is a group of fibers in the PNS?

A

Nerve

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16
Q

What is a group of fibers in the CNS?

A

Tract

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17
Q

What are the special sensations?

A

Vision
Hearing & Equilibrium
Taste (gustation)
Smell (olfaction)

18
Q

What are the general sensations?

A 
Touch
Temperature
Pain
Pressure
Proprioception
19
Q

Define proprioception

A

Detection of position and movements of body via the stretch of muscles, ligaments, and tendons

20
Q

What are the sensations of environmental changes?

A

Changes in basic sensations
Changes in spatial orientation
Changes in body function
Changes in internal environment

21
Q

What is included in changes in internal environment?

A

Hydration
Internal temperature
Oxygen and electrolyte levels
Blood pressure

22
Q

What are the structural divisions of the nervous system?

23
Q

What are the functional divisions of the nervous system?

24
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12 pairs of spinal nerves

25
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves?

A

31 pairs of spinal nerves

26
Q

What is the VNS functional division of the nervous system?

A

Voluntary Nervous system - voluntary areas of brain
Corticospinal and certain other spinal tracts
Cranial and spinal nerves (except those parts in INS)

27
Q

What is the INS functional division of the nervous system?

A

Involuntary Nervous system
- involuntary areas of the brain and certain spinal tracts
Sympathetic (thoracolumbar) of ANS
Parasympathetic (craniosacral) of ANS

28
Q

Describe the simplest sequence of function

A

Stimulus
Sensory Neuron
Motor Neuron
Effector

29
Q

What are two types of sensory fibers?

A

Somatic Receptors

Visceral Receptors

30
Q

What are three types of somatic receptors?

A

Teleceptors
Exteroceptors
Proprioceptors

31
Q

What are two types of visceral receptors?

A

Interoceptors

Chemoreceptors

32
Q

What are teleceptors?

A

Vision and hearing things that are distant

(SSA) special somatic afferent

33
Q

What are exteroceptors?

A 
Found in skin and deeper tissues of body wall
Temperature
Touch 
Pressure 
Pain
Proprioception 
GSA (general somatic afferent)
34
Q

What are proprioceptors?I

A

Found in skeletal muscles (muscle spindles) and tendons (golgi tendon apparatus) Detect position and movements of body via strength in muscles and tendons and stretch or compression in joints
GSA (general somatic afferent)

35
Q

What are interoceptors?

A

In Viscera
Visceral sensations
Senses smoot muscle contraction and secretory activities of glands
GVA (general visceral afferent)

36
Q

What are chemoreceptors?

A

In nasal and tongue mucosae - smell and taste

SVA (special visceral afferent)

37
Q

What are the three types of motor fibers?

A

General Motor Fibers (skeletal)
Special Motor Fibers (skeletal muscles of branchial arches)
Visceral Motor Fibers (smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands)

38
Q

What are general motor fibers?

A

Skeletal muscles
Run via spinal nerves from anterior horn of spinal cord
Run via certain cranial nerves from brain
GSE (general somatic efferent)

39
Q

What are special motor fibers?

A

Skeletal muscles of branchial arches
(Mastication, facial expression, swallowing, phonation)
Run via certain cranial nerves from the brain
SVE (special visceral efferent)

40
Q

What are visceral motor fibers?

A

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands
Run via spinal and autonomic nerves
Via certain cranial nerves
GVE (general visceral efferent)

41
Q

What is the first neuron cell body in a chain in the CNS?

A

Preganglionic

42
Q

What is the second cell body in chain in an autonomic ganglion in PNS?

A

Postganglionic

Gross Anatomy (20 decks)

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