Introduction to Nervous System

Question 1

What is the nervous system?

Answer 1

Mass of interconnecting cells possessing the properties of irritability and conductivity

Question 2

What is irritability in the nervous system?

Answer 2

Response to a stimulus with the initiation of a nervous impulse

Question 3

What is conductivity in the nervous system?

Answer 3

Transmission of a nervous impulse

Question 4

What cells are involved in the nervous system?

Answer 4

Neurons

Glial Cells

Question 5

What are neurons?

Answer 5

Structural and functional units of the nervous system carrying the impulse

Question 6

What are glial cells?

Answer 6

Located in the CNS and associated with neurons; provide supportive function

Question 7

What are the two parts of a neuron?

Answer 7

Cell body

Cell fibers

Question 8

What is a group of cell bodies called within the CNS?

Answer 8

Nucleus

Question 9

What is a group of cell bodies called within the PNS?

Answer 9

Ganglion

Question 10

What is a dendrite?

Answer 10

Conducts nervous impulse towards the neuron cell body

Question 11

What is an axon?

Answer 11

Conduts nervous impulse away from the neuron cell body

Question 12

What is a dendritic axon?

Answer 12

Part of sensory neurons - pseudounipolar neurons of dorsal root ganglia

Question 13

What is afferent?

Answer 13

Sensory (impulses to CNS)

Question 14

What is efferent?

Answer 14

Motor (impulses away from CNS)

Question 15

What is a group of fibers in the PNS?

Answer 15

Nerve

Question 16

What is a group of fibers in the CNS?

Answer 16

Tract

Question 17

What are the special sensations?

Answer 17

Vision
Hearing & Equilibrium
Taste (gustation)
Smell (olfaction)

Question 18

What are the general sensations?

Answer 18

Touch
Temperature
Pain
Pressure
Proprioception

Question 19

Define proprioception

Answer 19

Detection of position and movements of body via the stretch of muscles, ligaments, and tendons

Question 20

What are the sensations of environmental changes?

Answer 20

Changes in basic sensations
Changes in spatial orientation
Changes in body function
Changes in internal environment

Question 21

What is included in changes in internal environment?

Answer 21

Hydration
Internal temperature
Oxygen and electrolyte levels
Blood pressure

Question 22

What are the structural divisions of the nervous system?

Answer 22

CNS

PNS

Question 23

What are the functional divisions of the nervous system?

Answer 23

VNS

INS

Question 24

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

Answer 24

12 pairs of spinal nerves

Question 25

How many pairs of spinal nerves?

Answer 25

31 pairs of spinal nerves

Question 26

What is the VNS functional division of the nervous system?

Answer 26

Voluntary Nervous system - voluntary areas of brain Corticospinal and certain other spinal tracts Cranial and spinal nerves (except those parts in INS)

Question 27

What is the INS functional division of the nervous system?

Answer 27

Involuntary Nervous system - involuntary areas of the brain and certain spinal tracts Sympathetic (thoracolumbar) of ANS Parasympathetic (craniosacral) of ANS

Question 28

Describe the simplest sequence of function

Answer 28

Stimulus Sensory Neuron Motor Neuron Effector

Question 29

What are two types of sensory fibers?

Answer 29

Somatic Receptors | Visceral Receptors

Question 30

What are three types of somatic receptors?

Answer 30

Teleceptors Exteroceptors Proprioceptors

Question 31

What are two types of visceral receptors?

Answer 31

Interoceptors | Chemoreceptors

Question 32

What are teleceptors?

Answer 32

Vision and hearing things that are distant | (SSA) special somatic afferent

Question 33

What are exteroceptors?

Answer 33

``` Found in skin and deeper tissues of body wall Temperature Touch Pressure Pain Proprioception GSA (general somatic afferent) ```

Question 34

What are proprioceptors?I

Answer 34

Found in skeletal muscles (muscle spindles) and tendons (golgi tendon apparatus) Detect position and movements of body via strength in muscles and tendons and stretch or compression in joints GSA (general somatic afferent)

Question 35

What are interoceptors?

Answer 35

In Viscera Visceral sensations Senses smoot muscle contraction and secretory activities of glands GVA (general visceral afferent)

Question 36

What are chemoreceptors?

Answer 36

In nasal and tongue mucosae - smell and taste | SVA (special visceral afferent)

Question 37

What are the three types of motor fibers?

Answer 37

General Motor Fibers (skeletal) Special Motor Fibers (skeletal muscles of branchial arches) Visceral Motor Fibers (smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands)

Question 38

What are general motor fibers?

Answer 38

Skeletal muscles Run via spinal nerves from anterior horn of spinal cord Run via certain cranial nerves from brain GSE (general somatic efferent)

Question 39

What are special motor fibers?

Answer 39

Skeletal muscles of branchial arches (Mastication, facial expression, swallowing, phonation) Run via certain cranial nerves from the brain SVE (special visceral efferent)

Question 40

What are visceral motor fibers?

Answer 40

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands Run via spinal and autonomic nerves Via certain cranial nerves GVE (general visceral efferent)

Question 41

What is the first neuron cell body in a chain in the CNS?

Answer 41

Preganglionic

Question 42

What is the second cell body in chain in an autonomic ganglion in PNS?

Answer 42

Postganglionic