Intro to Muscles Flashcards
What are three types of muscle?
Skeletal
Cardiac Muscle
Smooth
In what four ways can attachment of muscle vary?
- Muscle fibers directly attach to the periosteum of the bone
- Tendon of a muscle attaches to the periosteum of the bone
- A flat tendon sheet called an APONEUROSIS attaches to the bone of another muscle
- Muscles attach directly to another muscle forming a RAPHE
What is characteristic of.a flat muscle?
Fibers are all parallel
What is characteristic oF a pennate muscle?
Fibers are shaped in a feather-like way
How many type of pennate muscle arrangements are there - list them?
Three arrangements of pennate muscles - Unipennate
- bi pennate
- multi pennate
Give an example of a uni pennate muscle
Extensor digitorum longus
Give an example of a bi pennate muscle
Rectus Femoris
Give an example of a multi pennate muscle
Deltoid
What is characteristic of a fusiform muscle?
Muscle is spindle shaped
Give an example of a flat muscle
External oblique
Give an example of a fusiform muscle
Biceps brachii
What is characteristic of A convergent muscle?
Very broad muscle coming to a single smaller tendon
What is an example of a convergent muscle
Pectoralis Major
What is characteristic of A quadrate muscle?
Muscle is shaped with four equal sides
What is an example of a quadrate muscle?
Quadratus femoris
Give an example of a Circular or spinchteral muscle
Orbicularis oculi
What is characteristic of a multi-headed muscle
Same muscle with multiple heads - sharing same origin or insertion
Give an example of a multi-head muscle
Triceps
List the different types of architecture and shapes of muscles
Flat Pennate Fusiform Convergent Quadrate Circular/Spherical Multi-headed
What determines the range of a muscle?
The length of the muscle
What determines the strength of a muscle?
The number of fasciculi in a cross section of the muscle
True or false: The range of contraction and strength of contraction of a muscle varies inversely.
True
What is characteristic of skeletal muscle?
Striated
Voluntary
Located in the body wall and the limbs
What is characteristic of cardiac muscle?
Visceral muscle of the heart
Involuntary
What is characteristic of smooth muscle?
Involuntary
Unstriated
Located in many hollow organs, as well as arrector pilli and ciliary bodies of intrinsic muscles of the eye
Define the epimysium
Outer connective tissue covering individual muscle
Holds the fascicles together
Also called muscle fascia
Define the perimysium
Connective tissue that surrounds groups of muscle cells (FASCICLE)
Describe deep fascia
This is the fascia that surrounds the entire limb. It is external/superficial to the epimysium but may fuse to it
By the use of the intermuscular septum it then subdivides into functional groups of muscles
Describe superficial fascia
This fascia is just deep to the skin and contains fat
Describe a fascicle
Grouping of muscle cells, usually more than 12 cells - smallest group visible to the naked eye