Intro to Muscles

Question 1

What are three types of muscle?

Answer 1

Skeletal
Cardiac Muscle
Smooth

Question 2

In what four ways can attachment of muscle vary?

Answer 2

1. Muscle fibers directly attach to the periosteum of the bone
2. Tendon of a muscle attaches to the periosteum of the bone
3. A flat tendon sheet called an APONEUROSIS attaches to the bone of another muscle
4. Muscles attach directly to another muscle forming a RAPHE

Question 3

What is characteristic of.a flat muscle?

Answer 3

Fibers are all parallel

Question 4

What is characteristic oF a pennate muscle?

Answer 4

Fibers are shaped in a feather-like way

Question 5

How many type of pennate muscle arrangements are there - list them?

Answer 5

Three arrangements of pennate muscles - Unipennate

• bi pennate
• multi pennate

Question 6

Give an example of a uni pennate muscle

Answer 6

Extensor digitorum longus

Question 7

Give an example of a bi pennate muscle

Answer 7

Rectus Femoris

Question 8

Give an example of a multi pennate muscle

Answer 8

Deltoid

Question 9

What is characteristic of a fusiform muscle?

Answer 9

Muscle is spindle shaped

Question 10

Give an example of a flat muscle

Answer 10

External oblique

Question 11

Give an example of a fusiform muscle

Answer 11

Biceps brachii

Question 12

What is characteristic of A convergent muscle?

Answer 12

Very broad muscle coming to a single smaller tendon

Question 13

What is an example of a convergent muscle

Answer 13

Pectoralis Major

Question 14

What is characteristic of A quadrate muscle?

Answer 14

Muscle is shaped with four equal sides

Question 15

What is an example of a quadrate muscle?

Answer 15

Quadratus femoris

Question 16

Give an example of a Circular or spinchteral muscle

Answer 16

Orbicularis oculi

Question 17

What is characteristic of a multi-headed muscle

Answer 17

Same muscle with multiple heads - sharing same origin or insertion

Question 18

Give an example of a multi-head muscle

Answer 18

Triceps

Question 19

List the different types of architecture and shapes of muscles

Answer 19

Flat
Pennate
Fusiform
Convergent
Quadrate 
Circular/Spherical
Multi-headed

Question 20

What determines the range of a muscle?

Answer 20

The length of the muscle

Question 21

What determines the strength of a muscle?

Answer 21

The number of fasciculi in a cross section of the muscle

Question 22

True or false: The range of contraction and strength of contraction of a muscle varies inversely.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What is characteristic of skeletal muscle?

Answer 23

Striated
Voluntary
Located in the body wall and the limbs

Question 24

What is characteristic of cardiac muscle?

Answer 24

Visceral muscle of the heart

Involuntary

Question 25

What is characteristic of smooth muscle?

Answer 25

Involuntary
Unstriated
Located in many hollow organs, as well as arrector pilli and ciliary bodies of intrinsic muscles of the eye

Question 26

Define the epimysium

Answer 26

Outer connective tissue covering individual muscle
Holds the fascicles together
Also called muscle fascia

Question 27

Define the perimysium

Answer 27

Connective tissue that surrounds groups of muscle cells (FASCICLE)

Question 28

Describe deep fascia

Answer 28

This is the fascia that surrounds the entire limb. It is external/superficial to the epimysium but may fuse to it
By the use of the intermuscular septum it then subdivides into functional groups of muscles

Question 29

Describe superficial fascia

Answer 29

This fascia is just deep to the skin and contains fat

Question 30

Describe a fascicle

Answer 30

Grouping of muscle cells, usually more than 12 cells - smallest group visible to the naked eye