Introduction to NCD Epidemiology Flashcards
What is the most common disease in the Philippines?
Ischaemic Heart Disease
What are the characteristics of NCDs?
- Complex etiology (have many different causes)
- Non-contagious origin (non-communicable)
- Multiple risk factors
- Long latency period
- Prolonged course of illness
- Functional impairment or disability
Risk Factors of NCDs
- Behavior or lifestyle
- Environmental exposure
- Hereditary
- Can be modifiable or non-modifiable
Factors that can be reduced or controlled by intervention, thereby reducing the probability of development of a disease.
Modifiable Risk Factor
What are Modifiable Risk Factors?
– Physical inactivity
– Tobacco use
– Alcohol use
– Unhealthy diets (increased fat and sodium, low
fruit and vegetable intake)
It is defined as a risk factor that cannot be reduced or controlled by intervention
Non - Modifiable Risk Factor
What are Non-Modifiable Risk Factors?
– Age
– Gender
– Race
– Family history (genetics)
Diseases of the blood vessels supplying the heart muscle
Coronary Heart Disease
Disease of the blood vessels supplying the brain; stroke
Cerebro-vascular Disease
Disease of blood vessels supplying the arms and legs
Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)
Malformations of heart structure existing at birth
Congenital Heart Disease
What are the number 1 cause of death globally?
Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs)
This is a disorder of metabolism — inadequate control of blood levels of glucose.
Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes in which the pancreas cannot produce and release insulin
Type I DM
Diabetes in which it is insulin resistant; your body does not respond well to insulin
Type II DM
What are the causes of Type I DM?
Genetics, Auto-immune problem
What are the causes of Type II DM?
Genetics, Lifestyle problem, Aging
This is where a pregnant woman has uncontrolled blood sugar levels during pregnancy
Gestational Diabetes
This is similar to type II; more prevalent to younger age
MODY (Maturity Onset Diabetes of Young)
Seen in Alzheimer’s Disease; people with Alzheimer’s have insulin resistance
Type III DM
“Always eating”
Polyphagia
“Always drinking”
Polydipsia
“Always urinating”
Polyuria
This is where abnormal cells grow uncontrollably and go beyond their usual boundaries to invade other parts of the body
Cancer
