Introduction to Biostatistics and Data Presentation Flashcards
The organization, analysis, interpretation of data
Biostatistics
Summarize and present data in a form that
is easier to analyze (summary measures, tables, graphs,rates, ratios and proportions)
Descriptive
Making estimates, predictions,
generalizations of a given population (point and interval estimates, hypothesis testing—ex. z-test)
Inferential
Tendency of a given characteristic to change from one individual or setting to another; or from the same person in different periods of time (ex. age, cultural differences, personality traits)
Variation
What variable labels for distinguishing any measurements or characteristics
Qualitative
What variable is expressed numerically and can be arranged according to magnitude
Quantitative
This is expressed in whole numbers
Discrete
This is expressed in fractions or decimals
Continuous
This qualitative measurement of a variable only labels (ex. color red)
Nominal
This qualitative measurement of a variabe can be ordered or ranked but same as nominal (just a label)
Ordinal
This quantitative measurement implies that zero does not mean absence of the characteristic (ex. temperature-fahrenheit & celsius, personality tests)
Interval
This quantitative measurement implies that zero means absence of characteristic (ex. temperature-Kelvin, weight, enzyme levels-ex. ALT, AST)
Ratio
It refers to the arrangement of any data in an orderly sequence, so that they can be presented concisely and compactly and so that they can be understood easily
Data Presentation
Data Presentation can be done by
Tabular Presentations
Graphical Presentations
Data are grouped according to some scale of
classification, where the sum of the entries is equal to the
total.
Frequency Distribution
This is usually obtained from conducting epidemiologic studies that compares two or more frequencies
Correlation Data
What does the letter ‘R’ imply in correlation data
The measure of correlation data
The part of the table in which states the objectives of the table
Title
This indicates the basis of classification of table rows
Stubs
This indicate the basis of classification of the columns or vertical series of figures
Column Headings
This is made up of the figures filling the cells or
compartments brought about by the coordinates
of rows and columns
Body of the Table
T/F The text is aligned to the right
False; the text is aligned to the left
T/F The numbers are aligned to the right
True
This refers to the column totals and row totals; Tables must always have this
Marginal Totals
This indicates the source of information in a table
Foot Note
This shows how the certain variable that is being discerned by the data collected changes through time and is obtained through comparing two or more frequencies
Time Series Data
