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Community and Public Health > Introduction to Epidemiology > Flashcards

Introduction to Epidemiology Flashcards

1
Q

The study of the distribution of the determinants of health related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems

A

Epidemiology

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2
Q

Seasonal variation of a disease

A

Hippocrates

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3
Q

Natural epidemiologic experiment for cholera

A

John Snow

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4
Q

First Case-Control Study

A

Doll & Hill

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5
Q

First Cohort Study

A

Dawber et.al

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6
Q

Risk factors are present, disease has not yet developed

A

Susceptibility

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7
Q

No signs nor symptoms, but pathologic changes are already occuring in the host

A

Subclinical disease

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8
Q

Signs and symptoms have already developed

A

Clinical disease

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9
Q

Prevent emergence of risk factors; tackles the stage of susceptibility

A

Primordial

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10
Q

Control exposure to risk factors; stage of susceptibility

A

Primary

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11
Q

Early detection and monitoring; level of prevention of subclinical diseases

A

Secondary

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12
Q

Reduce or eliminate impairments and disabilities; stage of clinical disease and recovery, disability, or death

A

Tertiary

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13
Q

This is the study of the three epidemiologic variables (person, place, time); formulates hypotheses

A

Descriptive Studies

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14
Q

Examples of Descriptive Studies

A

Case Study, Ecological Study, Prevalence Study

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15
Q

This tests the hypotheses, determine association between the exposure and outcome

A

Analytical Studies

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16
Q

This study has no manipulation of the exposure variable

A

Observational

17
Q

Example of Observational Studies

A

Cross Sectional, Case Control, Cohort

18
Q

This study has manipulation of the exposure variable

A

Experimental Studies

19
Q

This is the elimination of specific disease by one or more measures of proven efficiency

A

Prevention

20
Q

These are approaches and activities aimed at reducing likelihood of disease affecting individual

A

Prevention

21
Q

Prevention specifically aims to

A

Prevent occuremce, Arrest progress, Reduce Consequences

22
Q

Prevention can be directed at the

A

Agent when it is its reservoir, Agent when it is in transit to the new host, At the susceptible population

23
Q

What do we do when the disease was not eliminated

A

Reduce Communicability

24
Q

The separation for the period of communicability of the case

A

Isolation

25
Q

Limitation of movement of people who do not have the disease but are exposed to the agent for not longer than the agen’t maximum incubation period

A

Quarantine

26
Q

What are the two types of strategies if the agent is at the susceptible population?

A

Specific and Non-Specific Strategies

27
Q

These are the examples of specific strategies

A

Chemoprophylaxis, Immunization

28
Q

These are the examples of non-specific strategies

A

Health promotion and education strategies, Proper nutrition, and target the behaviours of the individuals

29
Q

This immunity is present at the time of birth or has developed during maturation

A

Non-specific resistance

30
Q

This immunity is acquired due to exposure to a foreign substance

A

Specific substance

31
Q

This is a type of specific immunity in which the antigen is introduced and the body makes antibodies to defend against the infection

A

Active Immunity

32
Q

This immunity is acquired through the natural history of disease processes

A

Naturally-Acquired Active Immunity

33
Q

This immunity is where the antigen is deliberately introduced (ex. live, attenuated virus particles as vaccines in MMR, BCG)

A

Artificially Acquired Active Immunity

34
Q

This is a type of specific immunity in which the antibodies for the infection are the ones that are introduced

A

Passive Immunity

35
Q

This immunity is acquired by the transfer of antibodies from mother to baby, either through the placenta or through the mother’s breast milk

A

Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity

36
Q

This immunity is through the injection of immune sera as vaccines (ex. anti-tetanus antibodies, diphtheria antitoxin)

A

Artificially Acquired Passive Immunity

Community and Public Health (5 decks)

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