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MYCOLOGY AND VIROLOGY > Introduction to Mycology > Flashcards

Introduction to Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

Human disease caused by fungus

A

mycosis/ mycoses

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2
Q

sexual reproductive phase of a fungus

A

Teleomorph

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3
Q

asexual form of the fungus; product of mitosis

A

Anamorph

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4
Q

having cross walls

A

Septate

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5
Q

w/o septations

A

Aseptate

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6
Q

beginning of a true hyphal element

A

Germ tube

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7
Q

Asexual spores formed by fragmentation of mycelia into rectangular, barre shaped, or cask shaped, thick walled spores.

A

Arthroconidia

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8
Q

Sexual spores produced in a round saclike ascus that usually contains two to eight

A

Ascospores

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9
Q

Asexual conidia produced by formation of conidia by simple budding from mother cells, hyphae or pseudohyphae: budding is characteristic of yeast and yeast like fungi.

A

Blastoconidia

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10
Q

Thick walled asexual conidia that are formed during unfavorable conditions and germinate when environment improves, greater in diameter that hyphae and may be observed at hyphal tip (terminal) within the strand (intercalary) or in the side of hyphae (sessile)

A

Chlamydoconidia

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11
Q

Large, round, multicellular structure that surrounds the asci and ascospores until the structure ruptures, releasing the ascospores.

A

Cleistothecium

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12
Q

Dome shaped, swollen sporangiophore tip that extends into the sporangiophore.

A

Columella

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13
Q

Specialized, vegetative hyphae that act as stalks on which conidia are found.

A

Conidiophore

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14
Q

Asexual structures that form on the sides of hyphae or conidiophores, may be produced singly or in groups

A

Conidia

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15
Q

Spindle shaped conidium that is wider in the middle and narrows towards either end

A

Fusiform

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16
Q

Outgrowth of a conidium or spore that is the beginning of a hypha, no constriction is observed at the point of attachment, are usually 3 to 4 times the original yeast cell.

A

Germ tube

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17
Q

Tubelike structures that are the fundamental units of the fungus.

A

Hyphae

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18
Q

Flask shaped or vase shaped structure that produces phialoconidia

A

Phialide

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19
Q

Chains of cells produced by budding that may resemble true hyphae, are constricted at the septa and form branches that begin at the septation.

A

Pseudohyphae

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20
Q

Pear shaped conidia

A

Piriform

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21
Q

Large, round, thick walled structure (sporangium) in which spores are formed and held. The sporangium is borne on a specialized stalk called

A

Sporangiophore

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22
Q

With knob-like projections

A

Tuberculate

23
Q

Enlarged structure at the end of a conidiophore or sporangiophore that may bear phialides

A

Vesicle

24
Q

It is branch of Microbiology which deals with
the study of fungi, molds and yeasts which
are eukaryotic organisms.

A

MYCOLOGY

25
Q

FUNGI characteristics:

A
  1. Most fungi are obligate or facultative aerobes.
    2.1. Fungi are heterotrophic, unicellular to filamentous, spore bearing organisms. Usually reproduce by both sexual and asexual means.
    2.2. Fungi are heterotrophic, unicellular to filamentous, spore bearing organisms. Usually reproduce by both sexual and asexual means.
    SEXUAL FORM - TELEOMORPH
    ASEXAUL FORM - ANAMORPH
  2. Fungi are ubiquitous in nature, being found in the air, in soil, on plants, and in water, including the oceans.
  3. Fungi have chitin in its cell wall ; Ergosterol in its cell membrane and they lack chlorophyll.
  4. Most species of fungi are beneficial to humankind (recycling
    organic matter, production of food and spirits).
  5. Some fungi have served medicine by providing useful
    bioactive secondary metabolites such as antibiotics (Penicillin)
    and immunosuppressive drugs (cyclosporine).
  6. Lack of susceptibility to antibacterial antibiotics.
  7. Around 100,000 formally described species worldwide, only
    about 100 species can be potentially pathogenic to man.
26
Q

Fungi have ___cell membrane and they lack chlorophyll.

A

Ergosterol

27
Q

Unicellular

A

Yeast

28
Q

Most reproduce asexually by budding

A

Yeast

29
Q

Colonies are moist, creamy, opaque and
pasty

A

Yeast

30
Q

Grows at 37’C

A

Yeast

31
Q

species have similar microscopic and colonial morphology and require physical or biochemical test for identification.

A

Yeast

32
Q

Multicellular with tubular filamentous hyphae

A

Mold

33
Q

Reproduce by sexual, asexual or airborne spores

A

Mold

34
Q

Colonies are fluffy, cottony, wooly or
powdery

A

Mold

35
Q

Grows at room temperature

A

Mold

36
Q

Eight key elements of a typical yeast cell:

A

1.Capsule
2. Cell wall
3. Cytoplasmic membrane
4. Bud
5. Mitochondria
6. Nucleus
7. Nuclear membrane
8. Vacuole.

37
Q

The membrane controls the molecules and compounds that come in and out of the yeast cell.

A

Cytoplasmic membrane

38
Q

The protective layer surrounding the cell which gives the cell structure.

A

cell wall

39
Q

The outer part of the cell wall.

A

Capsule

40
Q

The new “daughter” cell, that eventually splits off from the original “mother” cell.

A

Bud

41
Q

The “powerhouse” of the cell where respiration occurs.

A

Mitochondria

42
Q

The part of cell containing DNA.

A

Nucleus

43
Q

The protective layer around the nucleus that controls flow of material in and out of the nucleus.

A

Nuclear membrane

44
Q

The sac inside the cell containing water and other liquids.

A

Vacuole

45
Q

The medically important yeast and medically important yeast like organism belong to different taxonomic groups, including:

A

Ascomycota
Basidiomycota
Deuteromycota.

46
Q

In general, the yeasts reproduce asexually by ___formation (budding) and sexually by production of_____

A

blastoconidia
ascospores and basidiospores.

47
Q

are long branched chains of yeast cells with
constrictions at the interface of elongated blastoconidia that remain attached after multiplication.

A

Pseudohyphae

48
Q

Growth in the mold forms occurs by the production of multicellular filamentous colonies, which consisting of branching cylinder tubules called

A

Hyphae

49
Q

The mass of hyphae that accumulates during active growth is a

A

Mycelium

50
Q

Asexual as well as sexual reproduction can result in the production of ____, which enhance fungal survival.

A

Spores

51
Q

2 types of fungi:

A

MONOMORPHIC FUNGI - one phase only
DIMORPHIC FUNGI - capable of two phases

52
Q

Mycelial or mold (filamentous form) at:

A

25°C to 30°C - inductive to man

53
Q

Temperature which yeast forms?

A

37°C - tissue or invasive phase (Thermal dimorphism)

MYCOLOGY AND VIROLOGY (10 decks)

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