Introduction to Mycology Flashcards
Human disease caused by fungus
mycosis/ mycoses
sexual reproductive phase of a fungus
Teleomorph
asexual form of the fungus; product of mitosis
Anamorph
having cross walls
Septate
w/o septations
Aseptate
beginning of a true hyphal element
Germ tube
Asexual spores formed by fragmentation of mycelia into rectangular, barre shaped, or cask shaped, thick walled spores.
Arthroconidia
Sexual spores produced in a round saclike ascus that usually contains two to eight
Ascospores
Asexual conidia produced by formation of conidia by simple budding from mother cells, hyphae or pseudohyphae: budding is characteristic of yeast and yeast like fungi.
Blastoconidia
Thick walled asexual conidia that are formed during unfavorable conditions and germinate when environment improves, greater in diameter that hyphae and may be observed at hyphal tip (terminal) within the strand (intercalary) or in the side of hyphae (sessile)
Chlamydoconidia
Large, round, multicellular structure that surrounds the asci and ascospores until the structure ruptures, releasing the ascospores.
Cleistothecium
Dome shaped, swollen sporangiophore tip that extends into the sporangiophore.
Columella
Specialized, vegetative hyphae that act as stalks on which conidia are found.
Conidiophore
Asexual structures that form on the sides of hyphae or conidiophores, may be produced singly or in groups
Conidia
Spindle shaped conidium that is wider in the middle and narrows towards either end
Fusiform
Outgrowth of a conidium or spore that is the beginning of a hypha, no constriction is observed at the point of attachment, are usually 3 to 4 times the original yeast cell.
Germ tube
Tubelike structures that are the fundamental units of the fungus.
Hyphae
Flask shaped or vase shaped structure that produces phialoconidia
Phialide
Chains of cells produced by budding that may resemble true hyphae, are constricted at the septa and form branches that begin at the septation.
Pseudohyphae
Pear shaped conidia
Piriform
Large, round, thick walled structure (sporangium) in which spores are formed and held. The sporangium is borne on a specialized stalk called
Sporangiophore
With knob-like projections
Tuberculate
Enlarged structure at the end of a conidiophore or sporangiophore that may bear phialides
Vesicle
It is branch of Microbiology which deals with
the study of fungi, molds and yeasts which
are eukaryotic organisms.
MYCOLOGY
FUNGI characteristics:
- Most fungi are obligate or facultative aerobes.
2.1. Fungi are heterotrophic, unicellular to filamentous, spore bearing organisms. Usually reproduce by both sexual and asexual means.
2.2. Fungi are heterotrophic, unicellular to filamentous, spore bearing organisms. Usually reproduce by both sexual and asexual means.
SEXUAL FORM - TELEOMORPH
ASEXAUL FORM - ANAMORPH - Fungi are ubiquitous in nature, being found in the air, in soil, on plants, and in water, including the oceans.
- Fungi have chitin in its cell wall ; Ergosterol in its cell membrane and they lack chlorophyll.
- Most species of fungi are beneficial to humankind (recycling
organic matter, production of food and spirits). - Some fungi have served medicine by providing useful
bioactive secondary metabolites such as antibiotics (Penicillin)
and immunosuppressive drugs (cyclosporine). - Lack of susceptibility to antibacterial antibiotics.
- Around 100,000 formally described species worldwide, only
about 100 species can be potentially pathogenic to man.
Fungi have ___cell membrane and they lack chlorophyll.
Ergosterol
Unicellular
Yeast
Most reproduce asexually by budding
Yeast
Colonies are moist, creamy, opaque and
pasty
Yeast
Grows at 37’C
Yeast
species have similar microscopic and colonial morphology and require physical or biochemical test for identification.
Yeast
Multicellular with tubular filamentous hyphae
Mold
Reproduce by sexual, asexual or airborne spores
Mold
Colonies are fluffy, cottony, wooly or
powdery
Mold
Grows at room temperature
Mold
Eight key elements of a typical yeast cell:
1.Capsule
2. Cell wall
3. Cytoplasmic membrane
4. Bud
5. Mitochondria
6. Nucleus
7. Nuclear membrane
8. Vacuole.
The membrane controls the molecules and compounds that come in and out of the yeast cell.
Cytoplasmic membrane
The protective layer surrounding the cell which gives the cell structure.
cell wall
The outer part of the cell wall.
Capsule
The new “daughter” cell, that eventually splits off from the original “mother” cell.
Bud
The “powerhouse” of the cell where respiration occurs.
Mitochondria
The part of cell containing DNA.
Nucleus
The protective layer around the nucleus that controls flow of material in and out of the nucleus.
Nuclear membrane
The sac inside the cell containing water and other liquids.
Vacuole
The medically important yeast and medically important yeast like organism belong to different taxonomic groups, including:
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota
Deuteromycota.
In general, the yeasts reproduce asexually by ___formation (budding) and sexually by production of_____
blastoconidia
ascospores and basidiospores.
are long branched chains of yeast cells with
constrictions at the interface of elongated blastoconidia that remain attached after multiplication.
Pseudohyphae
Growth in the mold forms occurs by the production of multicellular filamentous colonies, which consisting of branching cylinder tubules called
Hyphae
The mass of hyphae that accumulates during active growth is a
Mycelium
Asexual as well as sexual reproduction can result in the production of ____, which enhance fungal survival.
Spores
2 types of fungi:
MONOMORPHIC FUNGI - one phase only
DIMORPHIC FUNGI - capable of two phases
Mycelial or mold (filamentous form) at:
25°C to 30°C - inductive to man
Temperature which yeast forms?
37°C - tissue or invasive phase (Thermal dimorphism)
