Introduction to Mycology

Question 1

Human disease caused by fungus

Answer 1

mycosis/ mycoses

Question 2

sexual reproductive phase of a fungus

Answer 2

Teleomorph

Question 3

asexual form of the fungus; product of mitosis

Answer 3

Anamorph

Question 4

having cross walls

Answer 4

Septate

Question 5

w/o septations

Answer 5

Aseptate

Question 6

beginning of a true hyphal element

Answer 6

Germ tube

Question 7

Asexual spores formed by fragmentation of mycelia into rectangular, barre shaped, or cask shaped, thick walled spores.

Answer 7

Arthroconidia

Question 8

Sexual spores produced in a round saclike ascus that usually contains two to eight

Answer 8

Ascospores

Question 9

Asexual conidia produced by formation of conidia by simple budding from mother cells, hyphae or pseudohyphae: budding is characteristic of yeast and yeast like fungi.

Answer 9

Blastoconidia

Question 10

Thick walled asexual conidia that are formed during unfavorable conditions and germinate when environment improves, greater in diameter that hyphae and may be observed at hyphal tip (terminal) within the strand (intercalary) or in the side of hyphae (sessile)

Answer 10

Chlamydoconidia

Question 11

Large, round, multicellular structure that surrounds the asci and ascospores until the structure ruptures, releasing the ascospores.

Answer 11

Cleistothecium

Question 12

Dome shaped, swollen sporangiophore tip that extends into the sporangiophore.

Answer 12

Columella

Question 13

Specialized, vegetative hyphae that act as stalks on which conidia are found.

Answer 13

Conidiophore

Question 14

Asexual structures that form on the sides of hyphae or conidiophores, may be produced singly or in groups

Answer 14

Conidia

Question 15

Spindle shaped conidium that is wider in the middle and narrows towards either end

Answer 15

Fusiform

Question 16

Outgrowth of a conidium or spore that is the beginning of a hypha, no constriction is observed at the point of attachment, are usually 3 to 4 times the original yeast cell.

Answer 16

Germ tube

Question 17

Tubelike structures that are the fundamental units of the fungus.

Answer 17

Hyphae

Question 18

Flask shaped or vase shaped structure that produces phialoconidia

Answer 18

Phialide

Question 19

Chains of cells produced by budding that may resemble true hyphae, are constricted at the septa and form branches that begin at the septation.

Answer 19

Pseudohyphae

Question 20

Pear shaped conidia

Answer 20

Piriform

Question 21

Large, round, thick walled structure (sporangium) in which spores are formed and held. The sporangium is borne on a specialized stalk called

Answer 21

Sporangiophore

Question 22

With knob-like projections

Answer 22

Tuberculate

Question 23

Enlarged structure at the end of a conidiophore or sporangiophore that may bear phialides

Answer 23

Vesicle

Question 24

It is branch of Microbiology which deals with
the study of fungi, molds and yeasts which
are eukaryotic organisms.

Answer 24

MYCOLOGY

Question 25

FUNGI characteristics:

Answer 25

1. Most fungi are obligate or facultative aerobes. 2.1. Fungi are heterotrophic, unicellular to filamentous, spore bearing organisms. Usually reproduce by both sexual and asexual means. 2.2. Fungi are heterotrophic, unicellular to filamentous, spore bearing organisms. Usually reproduce by both sexual and asexual means. SEXUAL FORM - TELEOMORPH ASEXAUL FORM - ANAMORPH 3. Fungi are ubiquitous in nature, being found in the air, in soil, on plants, and in water, including the oceans. 4. Fungi have chitin in its cell wall ; Ergosterol in its cell membrane and they lack chlorophyll. 5. Most species of fungi are beneficial to humankind (recycling organic matter, production of food and spirits). 6. Some fungi have served medicine by providing useful bioactive secondary metabolites such as antibiotics (Penicillin) and immunosuppressive drugs (cyclosporine). 7. Lack of susceptibility to antibacterial antibiotics. 8. Around 100,000 formally described species worldwide, only about 100 species can be potentially pathogenic to man.

Question 26

Fungi have ___cell membrane and they lack chlorophyll.

Answer 26

Ergosterol

Question 27

Unicellular

Answer 27

Yeast

Question 28

Most reproduce asexually by budding

Answer 28

Yeast

Question 29

Colonies are moist, creamy, opaque and pasty

Answer 29

Yeast

Question 30

Grows at 37’C

Answer 30

Yeast

Question 31

species have similar microscopic and colonial morphology and require physical or biochemical test for identification.

Answer 31

Yeast

Question 32

Multicellular with tubular filamentous hyphae

Answer 32

Mold

Question 33

Reproduce by sexual, asexual or airborne spores

Answer 33

Mold

Question 34

Colonies are fluffy, cottony, wooly or powdery

Answer 34

Mold

Question 35

Grows at room temperature

Answer 35

Mold

Question 36

Eight key elements of a typical yeast cell:

Answer 36

1.Capsule 2. Cell wall 3. Cytoplasmic membrane 4. Bud 5. Mitochondria 6. Nucleus 7. Nuclear membrane 8. Vacuole.

Question 37

The membrane controls the molecules and compounds that come in and out of the yeast cell.

Answer 37

Cytoplasmic membrane

Question 38

The protective layer surrounding the cell which gives the cell structure.

Answer 38

cell wall

Question 39

The outer part of the cell wall.

Answer 39

Capsule

Question 40

The new “daughter” cell, that eventually splits off from the original “mother” cell.

Answer 40

Bud

Question 41

The “powerhouse” of the cell where respiration occurs.

Answer 41

Mitochondria

Question 42

The part of cell containing DNA.

Answer 42

Nucleus

Question 43

The protective layer around the nucleus that controls flow of material in and out of the nucleus.

Answer 43

Nuclear membrane

Question 44

The sac inside the cell containing water and other liquids.

Answer 44

Vacuole

Question 45

The medically important yeast and medically important yeast like organism belong to different taxonomic groups, including:

Answer 45

Ascomycota Basidiomycota Deuteromycota.

Question 46

In general, the yeasts reproduce asexually by ___formation (budding) and sexually by production of_____

Answer 46

blastoconidia ascospores and basidiospores.

Question 47

are long branched chains of yeast cells with constrictions at the interface of elongated blastoconidia that remain attached after multiplication.

Answer 47

Pseudohyphae

Question 48

Growth in the mold forms occurs by the production of multicellular filamentous colonies, which consisting of branching cylinder tubules called

Answer 48

Hyphae

Question 49

The mass of hyphae that accumulates during active growth is a

Answer 49

Mycelium

Question 50

Asexual as well as sexual reproduction can result in the production of ____, which enhance fungal survival.

Answer 50

Spores

Question 51

2 types of fungi:

Answer 51

MONOMORPHIC FUNGI - one phase only DIMORPHIC FUNGI - capable of two phases

Question 52

Mycelial or mold (filamentous form) at:

Answer 52

25°C to 30°C - inductive to man

Question 53

Temperature which yeast forms?

Answer 53

37°C - tissue or invasive phase (Thermal dimorphism)