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MYCOLOGY AND VIROLOGY > Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mycoses PART 3 > Flashcards

Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mycoses PART 3 Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES:

A

a. Mycetoma
b. Chromoblastomycosis
c. Phaeohyphomycosis
d. Sporotrichosis

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3
Q

chronic granulomatous infection that usually involves the lower extremities

A

Mycetoma
Subcutaneous Mycoses

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4
Q

infection is characterized by swelling, purplish discoloration, tumor-like deformities of the subcutaneous tissue, and multiple sinus tracts that drain purulent material containing
yellow, white, red, or black granules called grains

A

Mycetoma
Subcutaneous Mycoses

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5
Q
  • The infection gradually progresses to involve the bone, muscle, or other contiguous tissue and ultimately requires amputation in
    most progressive case
A

Mycetoma
Subcutaneous Mycoses

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6
Q

Mycetomas usually are seen among people living in

A

tropical
and subtropical regions

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7
Q

The organisms associated with mycetoma are saprophytic and commonly found in soil, standing water, and sewage. Humans acquire infections through traumatic implantation of
the organism into the skin and subcutaneous tissues

A

Mycetoma
Subcutaneous Mycoses

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8
Q

Mycetoma Subcutaneous Mycoses
- Two types:

A

1 Actinomycotic (bacterial) mycetomas
2 Eumycotic (fungal) mycetomas

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9
Q

caused by the aerobic actinomycetes, including
Nocardia, Actinomadura, and Streptomyces spp.

A

Actinomycotic (bacterial) mycetomas

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10
Q
  • Caused by a heterogeneous group of fungi that have septate hyphae
  • Subcategorized as white grain mycetomas or black grain mycetomas
A

Eumycotic (fungal) mycetomas

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11
Q

is the most common fungal agent
associated with mycetoma

A

Madurella mycetomatis

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12
Q

Direct examination of clinical specimens from patients with a eumycotic mycetoma or phaeohyphomycosis demonstrates

A

yellowish brown, septate to moniliform
hyphae (string of beads), with or without budding yeast cells present

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13
Q

White Grain Mycetoma

A

Scedosporium spp
Acremonium spp

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14
Q

grow rapidly (5 to 10 days) on common laboratory media. Initial growth begins as a white, fluffy colony that changes in several weeks to a brownish gray (the so-called mousy gray) colony; the reverse of the colony progresses from tan to dark brown.

A

Scedosporium spp

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15
Q

cause mycetomas, such as Acremonium falciforme, grow slowly and produce gray colonies.

A

Acremonium spp

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16
Q

Black Grain Mycetoma

A

Madurella spp.
E. jeanselmei
Curvularia spp
T. grisea

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17
Q

appear yeastlike and darkly pigmented (olive to black) but in time develop a velvety appearance with the production of aerial
hyphae.

A

E. jeanselmei

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18
Q

vary from white (during the early phases of growth) to olive-brown; a brown
diffusible pigment is characteristic of this fungus.

A

Madurella spp

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19
Q

produce a fluffy or downy, olive-gray
to black colony, and growth is rapid.

A

Curvularia spp.

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20
Q

forms slow-growing, velvety colonies that
appear smooth or radially furrowed and dark gray or olive-brown to black. The reverse side of the colonies appears black. The hyphae are septate and nonsporulating.

A

T. grisea

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21
Q

-a chronic fungal infection acquired through traumatic inoculation of an organism, primarily into the skin and subcutaneous tissue
- characterized by the development of a papule at the site of the traumatic insult that slowly enlarges to form warty or tumorlike lesions characterized as resembling cauliflower
capable of spreading through the lymphatic system

A

Chromoblastomycosis
Subcutaneous Mycoses

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22
Q

The lesions usually are confined to the feet and legs but may involve the head, face, neck, and other body surfaces

A

Chromoblastomycosis
Subcutaneous Mycoses

23
Q

Histologic examination of the lesion reveals characteristic sclerotic bodies which are copper-colored, septate cells that appear to be dividing by binary fission and resemble copper
pennies.

A

Chromoblastomycosis
Subcutaneous Mycoses

24
Q

Infections cause hyperplasia of the epidermal layer of the skin, which may be mistaken for squamous cell carcinoma

A

Chromoblastomycosis
Subcutaneous Mycoses

25
Q

Chromoblastomycosis is widely distributed, but most cases occur in the ___ of the world

A

tropical and subtropical areas

26
Q

The fungi most often associated with
chromoblastomycosis include

A

Cladophialophora carrionii,
Fonsecaea monophora and pedrosoi Phialophora verrucosa

27
Q

Scrapings from crusted lesions added to 10%
KOH show muriform cells (aggregation of dark
brown cells that resemble stones in a
stonewall) or sclerotic bodies, which are
rounded, brown, 4 to 10 μm in diameter, and have fission planes. They resemble copper
pennies

A

Laboratory Diagnosis
Chromoblastomycosis

28
Q

Laboratory Diagnosis
Chromoblastomycosis - includes species that produce long chains of budding, often fusiform, conidia (blastoconidia) that have
a dark septal scar.

A

Cladosporium

29
Q

Laboratory Diagnosis
Chromoblastomycosis includes species that produce short, flask-shaped to tubular phialides, each with a well-developed collarette
- Produce colonies that are wooly and olive-brown to brownish gray; some strains may appear to have concentric zones of color

A

Phialophora

30
Q

ncludes organisms that exhibit a mixed type of
sporulation produces a distinct Fonsecaea-type conidiophore, may also produce a Rhinocladiella-type sporulation

A

Fonsecaea

31
Q

Cladophialophora type of sporulation with long chains of elliptical conidia (2 to 3
μm × 4 to 5 μm) borne from erect, tall, branching conidiophores

A

Cladophialophora (C. carrionii)

32
Q

produces phialides, each with a distinct cup- or
flask-shaped collarette

A

P. verrucosa

33
Q

produces phialides with a flattened
collarette. Conidia are produced endogenously and occur in clusters at the tip of the phialide

A

P. richardsiae

34
Q

Conidial heads with sympodial arrangement
of conidia are seen, with primary
conidia giving rise to secondary conidia

A

Fonsecaea spp

35
Q

a general term used to describe any infection caused by a dematiaceous organism

A

Phaeohyphomycosis
Subcutaneous Mycoses

36
Q

Includes molds; brownish, yeastlike cells; pseudohyphae; and hyphae

A

Phaeohyphomycosis
Subcutaneous Mycoses

37
Q

These infections may be subcutaneous, localized, or systemic .Include phaeohyphomycotic cysts, progressive soft tissue infection, brain abscess, sinusitis, endocarditis, mycotic keratitis,
pulmonary infection, and systemic infection

A

Phaeohyphomycosis
Subcutaneous Mycoses

38
Q

Symptoms often include headache, neurologic manifestations, and seizure

A

Phaeohyphomycosis
Subcutaneous Mycoses

39
Q

Phaeohyphomycosis Subcutaneous Mycoses
- The most common fungal isolates associated with neurologic manifestations include

A

C. bantiana,
Rhinocladiella mackenziei,
Verruconis gallopava
Exophiala dermatitidis.

40
Q

are also commonly associated with phaeophyomycosis

A

Alternaria, Exserohilum, Bipolaris, E. jeanselmei, Exophiala spinifera, and Curvularia spp.

41
Q

Laboratory Diagnosis
Phaeohyphomycosis colonies are rapidly growing, fluffy, and gray to gray-brown or gray-green.

A

Alternaria spp

42
Q

produce rapidly growing colonies that
resemble those of Alternaria spp

A

Curvularia spp

43
Q

produce colonies that are gray-green to dark
brown and slightly powdery, as do Exserohilum spp.

A

Bipolaris spp.

44
Q

grow slowly (7 to 21 days) and initially produce shiny, black, yeastlike colonies.

A

E. jeanselmei and E. dermatitidis

45
Q

● Bacterial: Nocardia, Actinomadura, and
Streptomyces spp.
● White grain mycetoma: S. apiospermum
complex and Acremonium and Fusarium spp.
● Black grain mycetoma: Madurella
spp., E. jeanselmei, and Curvularia spp.

A

Mycetoma

46
Q

Cladophialophora, Phialophora,
and Fonsecaea spp.

A

Chromoblastomycosis

47
Q

E. jeanselmei; E.dermatitidis; and
Curvularia, Bipolaris, Alternaria, and Exserohilum sp

A

Phaeohyphomycosis

48
Q

is a subcutaneous infection, but lymph and
pulmonary infections can occur

A

Sporotrichosis

49
Q

Also known as rose gardener’s disease, as infections can come from rose thorns and contact with sphagnum moss

A

Sporotrichosis

50
Q

have a worldwide distribution, and their natural habitat is living or dead vegetation.

A

S. schenckii,
Sporothrix brasiliensis,
Sporothrix globosa,
Sporothrix luriei

51
Q

-It is a dimorphic fungus
- When grown on media with blood at 35°C, these fungi grow as small yeasts

A

Sporothrix schenckii

52
Q

When grown on SDA or PDA at room temperature, they are in the _____ phase characterized by delicate hyphae and
microconidia

A

mold phase / Sporothrix schenckii

53
Q
A

MYCOLOGY AND VIROLOGY (10 decks)

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