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VMCB 121 > Introduction to Microbiology and Nature of the Microbial World > Flashcards

Introduction to Microbiology and Nature of the Microbial World Flashcards

1
Q

The study of living organisms of microscopic size?

A

Microbiology

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2
Q

The term microbe was first used but now is commonly replaced by microoorganisms.

A

Sedillot - 1878

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3
Q

They suggested that disease was caused by invisible living creatures?

A

Lucretius and Girolamo Fracastoro

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4
Q

He was the amateur microscopist and was the first person to observe microorganisms in 1673 using a simple microscope?

A

Antony van Leeuwenhoek 1632-1723

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5
Q

He constructed the first microscope?

A

Antony van Leeuwenhoek 1632-1723

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6
Q
  • Its a hypothetical process by which organisms develop from non-living matter
  • Explanation for the emergence of life from decaying matter
  • Used to explain the origin of life
A

Spontaneous Generation Theory

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7
Q

He thought that animal could originate from the soil.

A

Aristotle (384-322 BC)

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8
Q

He used MICE for the Spontaneous Generation Theory?

A

Jean Baptiste van Helmont

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9
Q

He published experiments purporting the spontaneous generation (abiogenesis) of microorganism in putrescible fluids.

A

John Needham

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10
Q

He claimed to have carried out experiments conclusively proving that microbial growth could occur without air contamination.

A

Felix Pouchet

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11
Q

Grandfather of Microbiology?

A

Antony van Leeuwenhoek

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12
Q

Coined the term - Animalcules - bacteria, yeast

A

Antony van Leeuwenhoek

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13
Q

He disapproved spontaneous generation using maggots, flies and a jar.

A

Francesco Redi

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14
Q

Father of Microbiology?

A

Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)

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15
Q

If cells arise from nonliving substances, they will appear in sterile broth.

A

Louis Pasteur

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16
Q

He developed sterilization techniques, developed methods and techniques for cultivation of microorganisms.

A

Louis Pasteur

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17
Q

Cholera investigation (skeptic of miasma theory)

A

John Snow

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18
Q

Germ theory of disease (maternity ward)

A

Oliver Wendell Holmes

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19
Q

Discovery of endospores

A

John Tyndall

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20
Q
  • Medium to grow bacteria
  • Co-founder of modern Microbiology
A

Robert Koch

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21
Q

Father of Modern Antisepsis (sterile surgery, less cases of gangrene)

A

Joseph Lister

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22
Q

Dye called Protosil (Sulfanilamide)

A

Gerhard Domagk

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23
Q

Staph colonies disappearing with mold?

A

Alexander Fleming

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24
Q

First vaccine against smallpox?

A

Edward Jenner

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25
Made experiments to disprove sppontaneous generation theory
Lazaro Spallanzani
26
Introduced the use of agar as a solidifying media.
Fanny Hese
27
Developed modern concept of chemotherapy and chemotherapeutic agents.
Paul Ehrlich
28
Discovered phagocytosis
Elie Metchnikoff
29
Hans Christian Gram
Introduced the differential staining bacteria - Gram staining.
30
Discern the associative relationship of Clostridium sp. to gas gangrene
William Henry Welch
31
Utilized enrichment culture and first to recognize the first virus.
Martinus Beijerinck
32
Independently discovered bacteriophage and viruses that attack or destroy bacteria.
Frederick Twort
33
Wrote the first known discussion of the phenomenon of contagious infection. On Contagion
Girolamo Fracastoro
34
- Showed that a disease affecting silkworms was caused by a fungus - First microorganism to be recognized as a contagious agent of animal disease
Agostino Bassi de Lodi
35
- Decided that doctors in Vienna hospitals were spreading childbed fever while delivering babies. - Forced doctors under his supervision to wash their hands before touching patients.
Ignaz Semmelweiss
36
Pasteur demonstrated that _______, malignant edema and suppurative lesions were each associated with a specific bacterial infection.
Fowl cholera
37
Causative organisms of TB and typhoid fever were recognized by?
Robert Koch
38
The organism should be regularly found in the lesions of the disease? Which postulate entails this?
Robert Koch's Postulate #1
39
It should be possible to isolate the organism in pure culture from the lesions.
R.K. Postulate #2
40
Inoculation of the pure culture into suitable laboratory animals should reproduce the lesion of the disease.
R.K. Postulate #3
41
It should be possible to re-isolate the organism in pure culture from the lesions produced in the experimental animals.
R.K. Postulate #4
42
Specific antibodies to the organism should be demonstratable in the serum of patients suffering from the disease.
R.K. Postulate #5
43
He was the first to use hanging drop method by studying bacterial motility.
Robert Koch
44
Observed that a guinea pig already infected with the bacillus responded with an exaggerated response when injected with the tubercle bacillus or its protein. Its a hypersensitivity reaction.
Koch's phenomenon
45
Described the leprosy bacillus
Hensen
46
Discovered the gonococcus in the pus discharge from urethra.
Nesisser
47
Observed the typhoid bacillus
Eberth
48
Described the staphylococci in abscess and suppurative lesions
Alexander Ogston
49
Observed and described the diphtheria bacillus
Loeffler
50
Observed the tetanus bacillus in soil
Nicolaier
51
Demonstrated the tetanus bacillus with round terminal spore
Rosenbach
52
Described the pneumococcus
Fraenkel
53
Described and isolated the meningococcus frpm the spinal fluid of a patient
Weichselbaum
54
Identified the causative agent of malta fever
Bruce
55
Discovered the syphilis
Schaudin and Hoffman
56
Whittaker's System?
- Monera - Protista - Plantae - Fungi - Animalia
57
Super kingdoms system3 Domains?
- Bacteria - Archaea - Eukarya
58
- Cells possessing true nuclei containing chromosomes, replicating by mitosis. - Contains organelles
Eukaryotes
59
- Lack true membrane-bound nuclei, circular chromosome, plasmids
Prokaryotes
60
Common features of Eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
1. DNA 2. Plasma membrane 3. Cytoplasm 4. Ribosomes
61
The genetic material?
DNA
62
Phospholipid bilayer
Plasma membrane
63
A fluid portion called cytosol
Cytoplasm
64
Protein synthesis takes place
Ribosomes
65
- Sub-microscopic particle that can infect living cells? - Lack cell membranes - Completely dependent on host cells for protein synthesis - Capable for replicating inside a host
VIRUSES
66
Viruses are composed of nucleic acid and capsid? T OR F
True, they are composed of nucleic acid and capsid.
67
Bacteria are acellular. T OR F?
FALSE. Bacteria's cell type is prokaryotic cells.
68
Virus' cell type is acellular.
TRUE
69
Bacteria are single celled.
TRUE
70
Virus, no cell.
TRUE
71
Bacteria are minute?
FALSE, bacteria are LARGER THAN VIRUSES.
72
Virus are only visible under light microscope?
FALSE, they are visible ONLY under ELECTRON MICROSCOPE.
73
Bacteria are visible under light microscope.
TRUE
74
Viruses typically have spherical, rod-shaped or helical shaped capsids while some viruses, such as bacteriophages, have complex shapes.
TRUE
75
Common bacterial cell shapes include cocci, bacilli, spiral, and vibrio (comma-shaped)
TRUE
76
Bacteria lack cellular machinery.
FALSE, they possess a cellular machinery.
77
Virus lack cellular machinery.
TRUE
78
Bacteria has presence of non-membrane bound cell organelles.
TRUE
79
Absence of non-membrane bound cell organelles. Uses host organelles; obligate intracellular parasites.
VIRUS
80
No ribosomes?
VIRUS
81
70s ribosomes
Bacteria
82
Cells infected: Animal, Plant, Protozoa, Fungi, Bacteria and Archaea
Virus
83
Cells infected: Animal, Plant, Fungi
Bacteria
84
Localized infection?
Bacteria
85
Systemic infection?
Virus
86
Authorizes and organizes the taxonomic classification of and nomenclatures of viruses?
ICTV- International Committee on Taxonomy for Viruses
87
- Small infectious agents which are circular single stranded RNAs without a protein coat. - They cause disease of plants.
VIROIDS
88
Circular single0stranded RNA with some pairing between complementary bases and loops where no such pairing occurs.
VIROIDS
89
- Infectious particles composed solely of protein with no detectable nucleic acid. - Highly resistant to inactivation by heat, formaldehyde, and UV light that inactivate viruses.
PRIONS
90
Also called transmissible spongiform encephalopathies?
PRIONS

VMCB 121 (6 decks)

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