Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

VMCB 121 > Bacterial Fine Structures, Functions and Synthesis > Flashcards

Bacterial Fine Structures, Functions and Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

General term for any network of polysaccharide containing material extending outside of the cell.

A

Glycocalyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Closely associated with cells and does not wash off easily

A

Capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Zone of more diffuse, unorganized material and is easily washed away.

A

Slime layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

It constitutes 50-90% of the dry weight of the wall and are thicker and stronger than those gram-negative bacteria.

A

Periplasm or Peptidoglycan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

It consists primarily of an alcohol and phosphate.

A

Teichoic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Covalently linked to peptidogylcan

A

Wall teichoic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Covalently linked to membrane glycolipid and concentrated in mesosomes.

A

Membrane teichoic acid/Lipoteichoic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

It is a bi-layered structure and external to the peptidoglycan

A

Outer membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Murein lipoproteins seemingly attach to the peptidoglycan by their protein portion and to the outer membrane by their lipid component.

A

Lipoprotein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A structural component that is unique to the gram negative outer membrane

A

Lipopolysaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Composed of a overlapping lattice of 2 sugars that are cross-linked by amino acid bridges.

A

Cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

NAM, AMA, or MurNAc

A

only found in the CELL WALLS of bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  • It is a typical unit membrane, composed of phospholipids and proteins.
  • It can only be seen with electron microscope
A

Cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

FUNCTIONS OF THE CELL MEMBRANE

A
  1. Semipermeable membrane
  2. Housing enzymes
  3. Housing many sensory and chemotaxis proteins
  4. Generation of chemical energy
  5. Cell motility
  6. Mediation of chromosomal segregation during replication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  • Slender threadlike portion, long, hollow, helical filaments
  • It originates in the bacterial protoplasm and is extruded through the cell wall
A

Flagella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Protein subunit of the flagellum that carries H-antigen specificity.

A

Flagellin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Longest and most obvious portion which extend from the cell surface to the tip.

A

Filament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

It is a short, curved segment which links the filament to its basal body and functions as universal joint between the basal body and the filament.

A

Hook

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

It is embedded in the cell wall.

A

Basal body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

4 rings connected to a central rod.

A

L, P, S, and M

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Single polar flagellum

A

Monotrichous

22
Q

Example of Monotrichous?

A

Cholera vibrio

23
Q

Single flagellum at both ends

A

Amphitrichous

24
Q

Example of Amphitrichous?

A

Alcaligenes faecalis

25
Q

Tuft of flagella at one or both ends?

A

Lophotrichous

26
Q

Flagella surrounding the cell

A

Peritrichous

27
Q

Example of Lophotrichous?

A

Spirilla

28
Q

Example of Peritrichous?

A

Typhoid bacili

29
Q

During flagellar synthesis, when the flagellum is cut off it will regenerate until reaches a maximum length. As this occurs the growth is from the base.

T OR F

A

FALSE
The growth is NOT from the BASE, but from the TIP

30
Q
  • Short, fine, hair like surface appendages
  • Shorter and thinner than flagella
  • They occur in non-motile, as well as in motile strains.
A

Pili or Fimbria

31
Q

Structural subunits of pili or fimbria?

A

Pilins

32
Q

Fimbriae do not function in motility but are thought to be important in attachment to surfaces or at least in cells sticking together.

T or F

A

TRUE

33
Q

Fimbriae function as organs of adhesions that allow attachment of a bacterial cell to other cells or surfaces.

A

Ordinary (common) pili

34
Q
  • Longer and fewer in number than other fimbriae
  • Genetically determined by sex factors or conjugative plasmid and appear to be involved in the transfer of DNA during conjugation.
A

Sex pili

35
Q

Viscous watery solution or soft gel cell material bounded by the cytoplasmic membrane

A

Cytoplasm

36
Q

3 areas in cytoplasm?

A
  1. Cytoplasmic area - granular
  2. Chromatinic area
  3. Fluid portion - contain inclusion and vacuoles
37
Q
  • Small, electron-dense particles in the cytoplasmic region
  • It is the location for all bacterial protein synthesis
A

Ribosomes

38
Q

Most genes encode proteins here.

A

mRNA

39
Q

Also central to translation and provide the site at which translation occurs.

A

rRNA

40
Q

It transfers the genetic information carried in the mRNA into functional proteins.

A

tRNA

41
Q
  • These are not permanent or essential structures, and may be absent under certain conditions of growth.
  • It is usually for storage and reduce osmotic pressure by tying up molecules in particulate form.
A

Intracytoplasmic inclusions

42
Q

It function as storage for reservoirs for phosphate, highly refractive, strongly basophilic bodies consisting of polymetaphosphate.

A

Metachromatic or volutin granules

43
Q

The nuclear DNA is associated with BASIC PROTEIN.

T OR F

A

False
DNA IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH BASIC PROTEIN

44
Q

Uses of spores:

A
  1. Importance in food, industrial and medical technology
  2. Sterilization control
  3. Research
45
Q

It is the spore protoplast containing the normal cell structures but is metabolically inactive.

A

Core

46
Q
  • Innermost layer surrounding the inner spore membrane
  • It contains normal peptidoglycan
A

Spore wall

47
Q

Thickest layer of the spore envelope.

A

Cortex

48
Q

Enclosed by fairly thick spore coat.

A

Spore coat

49
Q

Additional rather loose covering that have distinctive ridges and grooves.

A

Exosporium

50
Q

Newly replicated bacterial chromosome and a small portion of cytoplasm are isolated by an ingrowth of the plasma membrane called?

A

Spore septum

51
Q

Double layered membrane that surrounds the chromosome and cytoplasm.

A

Forespore

52
Q

Finally exosporium disintegrates and the endospore is freed.

A

Free endospore

VMCB 121 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions