Bacterial Taxonomy Flashcards
Science that studies organisms in order to arrange them into groups; those organisms with similar properties are grouped together and separated from those that are different.
Taxonomy
The process of arranging organisms into similar or related groups, primarily to provide easy identification and study.
Classification
The process of characterizing organisms.
Identification
The system of assigning of names to organisms.
Nomenclature
He proposed that the bacteria be placed in a plant kingdom in 1857?
Carl von Nageli
He proposed a mechanism for the theory of evolution in 1859.
Charles Darwin
He proposed the Kingdom Protista to include both organisms lacking a nucleus and simple nucleated organisms.
Ernst Haeckel
Introduced the term prokaryote to distinguish cells with no nucleus?
Edward Chatton
He provided the current definition of prokaryotes.
Rofer Stanier
Most widely accepted system proposed by RH Whittaker in 1969.
Five-Kingdom System
What are the five-kingdom systems?
- Plantae
- Animalia
- Fungi
- Protista
- Prokaryotae
What are the three-domain system?
- Bacteria
- Archaea
- Eukarya
The system is based on the work of Carl Woese and colleagues and who compared the sequences of nucleotide bases in ribosomal RNA from a wide variety of organisms.
3-domain system
He introduced the binomial system of nomenclature.
Carlos Linnaeus
Highest level, he divided all living things into 2 kingdoms?
Plant
Animal
Bacterial Nomenclature is governed by an international code prepared by the?
International Committee on Systemic Bacteriology
The approved lists of Bacterial Names in?
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
It varies from country to country and is in the local language?
Casual or common name
This name is same throughout the world.
First name: genus
Second name: the specific epithet
Specific or International Name
Taxonomic ranks in ascending order?
- Species
- Genus
- Family
- Order
- Class
- Kingdom
It is the standard taxonomical unit in biology?
Species
Bacterial species were originally based on?
Phenotypic and genotypic differences
It is a collection of strains that share many stable properties and differ significantly from other groups of strains.
Bacterial species
It is a population of organisms that descends from a single organism or pure culture isolate.
Strain
Strains that differ biochemically or physiologically?
Biovars
Strains that differ morphologically?
Morphovars
Strains that differ in antigenic properties?
Serovars
It provides identification schemes for identifying bacteria and archaea.
Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology
It provides phylogenetic information on bacteria and archaea
Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology
It is useful for identifying eukaryotes
Morphological characteristics
Gram staining and acid-fast staining
Differential staining
It determines presence of bacterial enyzmes.
Biochemical tests
Classification within the species.
Intraspecies classification
Involves reactions of microorganisms with specific antibodies?
Serology or serotyping
Identification of bacteria species and strains by determining their susceptibility to various phages?
Phage Typing
It group organism together based on overall similarity of phenotypes
Phenetic systems/Adansonian Classification
Treelike diagram, used to display the results of numerical taxonomic analysis
Dendogram
Phenoms with ____ similarity often are equivalent to bacterial species.
80%
Involves placing organisms in a clade with their common ancestor?
Phylogenetic Classification
It is the process of determining the nucleic acid sequence?
DNA Sequencing
It uses next-generation sequencing to reveal the presence and quantity of RNA in a biological sample at a given moment, analyzing the continuously changing cellular transcriptome.
RNA Sequencing
Number and sizes of DNA fragments produced by RE digests are used to determine genetic similarities?
DNA fingerprinting
SA technique in which single-stranded nucleic acids, DNAs or RNAs, are allowed to interct.
Nucleic Acid Hybridization
