Introduction To Micro

Question 1

Phylogenetics

Answer 1

The comparing of the same gene sequence among organisms the evolutionary relatedness between them can be determined

Question 2

Microbial biofuels

Answer 2

Use of microorganism stop convert terrestrial plant biomass and waste to bio energy to generate heat, electricity, light, motion and fuel

Question 3

Examples of microbial biofuels

Answer 3

Bioethanol, biomethanol, biobutanol, biomethane, biohydrogen

Question 4

Bioremediation

Answer 4

Use of microorganism stop remidiate contaminated environments e.g crude oil

Question 5

Bioattenuation

Answer 5

Natural biological breakdown

Question 6

Biostimulation

Answer 6

Addition of nutrients or surfactants to stimulate the activity of the natural microbial community

Question 7

Bioaugmentation

Answer 7

Addiction of microorganism switch the ability to break down the contaminant

Question 8

Four criteria of Koch’s postulates

Answer 8

1) microorganism must be present in all cases of the disease
2) the pathogen can be isolated from the diseased host and grown in a pure culture
3) the pathogen must cause the disease when introduced to a healthy animal
4) pathogen must be reisolated from the new host and shown to be the same

Question 9

Transformation

Answer 9

Bacteria incorporate genes from dead bacteria

Question 10

Transduction

Answer 10

DNA carried to the recipient inside a bacterial virus or bacteriophage.

Question 11

Name the bacteria and phage first used to study generalised transduction

Answer 11

Salmonella typhimurium and phage p1

Question 12

Generalised transduction

Answer 12

During a lytic infection bacterial host DNA may be repackaged into a new bacteriophage

Question 13

Specialised transduction

Answer 13

Phage DNA becomes integrated into the bacterial DNA at a specific site

Question 14

Bacterial conjugation

Answer 14

Equivalent of bacterial sex which requires cell to cell contact with passage of DNA from one cell to another