Animal Reproduction & Development Flashcards
Fragmentation
Breaking of the body into pieces, some or all of which develop into adults
Parthenogenesis
The development of a new individual from an unfertilised egg
Fission
Separation of a parent into two or more individuals of about the same size
Budding
New individuals arise from outgrowths of existing ones e.g hydra
Why do most animals exhibit reproductive cycles related to changing
seasons
Allows conservation of resources to reproduce when there’s more energy available and environmental conditions favour offspring survival
Cytoplasmic determinants
Early embryonic cells become different because of the uneven distribution of substances within unfertilised eggs
Morphogenesis
The process by which an animal takes place
Cleavage
Cell division creates a hollow ball of cells called a blastula
Gastrulation
Cells are rearranged into a three-layered gastrula
Organogenesis
The three layers interact and move to give rise to organs
Polarity in embryos
The uneven distribution of yolk. The vegetal pole has more yolk and the animal pole has less yolk
