Endocrine And Nervous Systems

Question 1

Example of polypeptide hormone

Answer 1

Insulin

Question 2

Example of amine hormone

Answer 2

Epinephrine and thyroxine

Question 3

Example of steroid hormone

Answer 3

Cortisol

Question 4

Name of the hormone and protein formed used when drawing the lipophilic hormone diagram

Answer 4

Hormone: estradiol
Protein: vitellogenin

Question 5

Name the three classes of hormones

Answer 5

• Polypeptides (chain of amino acids)
• Amines (derived from single amino acids)
• Steroids (derived from cholesterol)

Question 6

Labels for hydrophilic hormones diagram (there are 8)

Answer 6

1) Epinephrine.
2) G protein coupled receptor.
3) G protein.
4) Adenylyl cyclase.
5) cAMP (second messenger).
6) Protein kinase A.
7) Inhibition of glycogen synthesis.
8) Promotion of glycogen breakdown.

Question 7

What does systemic action of hormones mean?

Answer 7

Hormones affect multiple tissues almost simultaneously

Question 8

Why do different target tissues react differently to the same hormone?

Answer 8

Due to the presence of different intracellular effector proteins or the expression of different types of receptor

Question 9

Another name for the posterior pituitary

Answer 9

Neurohypophysis

Question 10

Another name for the anterior pituitary

Answer 10

Adenohypophysis

Question 11

FSH

Answer 11

Follicle stimulating hormone

Question 12

LH

Answer 12

Luteinising hormone

Question 13

TSH

Answer 13

Thyroid stimulating hormone

Question 14

ACTH

Answer 14

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 15

MSH

Answer 15

Melanocyte stimulating hormone

Question 16

GH

Answer 16

Growth hormone

Question 17

Name seven hormones that the anterior pituitary secretes

Answer 17

FSH, LH, TSH, ACTH, GH, MSH and prolactin

Question 18

Hormones produced by thyroid gland

Answer 18

Tri-iodothyronine and thyroxine

Question 19

3 types of steroid hormone produced by gonads

Answer 19

Androgens
Estrogens
Progestins

Question 20

Hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla

Answer 20

Epinephrine and norepinephrine (regulated by sympathetic nervous system)

Question 21

Hormones secreted by adrenal cortex

Answer 21

Cortisol and aldosterone (regulated by ACTH)

Question 22

The function of the nervous system

Answer 22

Receives sensory inputs, interferes them with each other and past experience to produce motor outputs to control effector muscles

Question 23

Impulses

Answer 23

Regulations of potential across the neuronal membrane

Question 24

Resting membrane potential

Answer 24

60-80mV

Question 25

Type of nervous system shown in cnidarians

Answer 25

Diffuse nerve nets

Question 26

Type of nervous system shown in echinoderms

Answer 26

Concentration of axons and nerve cells in nerve cords and ganglia

Question 27

Cephalisation

Answer 27

Elaboration of ganglia at rostral end (e.g Arthropods and vertebrates)