Endocrine And Nervous Systems Flashcards
Example of polypeptide hormone
Insulin
Example of amine hormone
Epinephrine and thyroxine
Example of steroid hormone
Cortisol
Name of the hormone and protein formed used when drawing the lipophilic hormone diagram
Hormone: estradiol
Protein: vitellogenin
Name the three classes of hormones
- Polypeptides (chain of amino acids)
- Amines (derived from single amino acids)
- Steroids (derived from cholesterol)
Labels for hydrophilic hormones diagram (there are 8)
1) Epinephrine.
2) G protein coupled receptor.
3) G protein.
4) Adenylyl cyclase.
5) cAMP (second messenger).
6) Protein kinase A.
7) Inhibition of glycogen synthesis.
8) Promotion of glycogen breakdown.
What does systemic action of hormones mean?
Hormones affect multiple tissues almost simultaneously
Why do different target tissues react differently to the same hormone?
Due to the presence of different intracellular effector proteins or the expression of different types of receptor
Another name for the posterior pituitary
Neurohypophysis
Another name for the anterior pituitary
Adenohypophysis
FSH
Follicle stimulating hormone
LH
Luteinising hormone
TSH
Thyroid stimulating hormone
ACTH
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
MSH
Melanocyte stimulating hormone
GH
Growth hormone
Name seven hormones that the anterior pituitary secretes
FSH, LH, TSH, ACTH, GH, MSH and prolactin
Hormones produced by thyroid gland
Tri-iodothyronine and thyroxine
3 types of steroid hormone produced by gonads
Androgens
Estrogens
Progestins
Hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla
Epinephrine and norepinephrine (regulated by sympathetic nervous system)
Hormones secreted by adrenal cortex
Cortisol and aldosterone (regulated by ACTH)
The function of the nervous system
Receives sensory inputs, interferes them with each other and past experience to produce motor outputs to control effector muscles
Impulses
Regulations of potential across the neuronal membrane
Resting membrane potential
60-80mV
Type of nervous system shown in cnidarians
Diffuse nerve nets
Type of nervous system shown in echinoderms
Concentration of axons and nerve cells in nerve cords and ganglia
Cephalisation
Elaboration of ganglia at rostral end (e.g Arthropods and vertebrates)
