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WIS3402 > Introduction to Mammals + Subclasses > Flashcards

Introduction to Mammals + Subclasses Flashcards

1
Q

Maintaining body temperature independent of the surrounding environment

A

Endothermic

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2
Q

Glands unique to mammals

A

Sweat, mammary

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3
Q

Flat, shovel-like teeth used for grasping, nipping, gnawing

A

Incisors

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4
Q

Long teeth used for holding prey, fighting and biting

A

Canines

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5
Q

Flat or cusped teeth with 2+ roots and 2 cusps in humans, used in breaking, grinding, crushing, shearing

A

Premolars

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6
Q

Flat or cusped teeth with 2+ roots, used in breaking, grinding, crushing, shearing

A

Molars

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7
Q

The last upper premolar and first lower molar, bladelike for shearing

A

Carnassials

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8
Q

Gap in dentition where canines lack

A

Diastema

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9
Q

The three groups/lineages/subclasses of mammal

A

Prototheria, Metatheria, Eutheria

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10
Q

Prototheria meaning

A

earliest beasts

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11
Q

Only remaining order of prototheria

A

Monotremata (monotremes)

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12
Q

Monotreme meaning

A

one opening, in reference to cloaca

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13
Q

Unique features of monotremes

A

Lay eggs (oviparous), sweat out milk

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14
Q

Monotremata

A

4 echidnas and the platypus

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15
Q

Metatheria meaning

A

primitive beasts

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16
Q

Metatheria

A

Marsupials (8 orders)

17
Q

Shared trait of metatheria and eutheria

A

Live birth

18
Q

Female reproductive traits of metatheria

A

Bifurcate reproductive tract with 2 vaginal canals and 2 uteri (didelphis)

19
Q

Metatheria placenta

A

Poorly developed

20
Q

Male reproductive traits of metatheria

A

Bifurcate penis, scrotum anterior to penis, no baculum, used for sperm delivery only

21
Q

Shared trait of prototheria and metatheria

A

Cloaca (metatheria is modified)

22
Q

Unique reproductive trait in 50% of metatheria/marsupials

A

Marsupium (pouch)

23
Q

Eutheria

A

Placental mammals, global

23
Q

Why are marsupial young born so early?

A

Investment is in nursing, not pre-birth development. Uterine gestation and placenta are weak but the marsupium does the rest of the work

24
Q

Eutheria meaning

A

good beasts

25
Q

Female reproductive traits of eutheria

A

Singular tract and uterus, fertilization is always internal

26
Q

Why do eutheria young gestate so long?

A

Development occurs primarily in gestation in exchange for relatively short period of nursing, young are born relatively developed

26
Q

Placenta

A

Mass of vascularized tissue that nourishes fetus while in the uterus, exchange occurs across umbilical cord

27
Q

Male reproductive traits of eutheria

A

Singular penis, scrotum posterior to penis, some have baculum

28
Q

Male reproductive parts in all eutheria

A

Paired testes, accessory glands, duct system, copulatory organ

WIS3402 (6 decks)

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