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WIS3402 > Birds Lecture Review > Flashcards

Birds Lecture Review Flashcards

1
Q

Gizzard

A

External molar analog, grinds food, birds eat stones and grit, unique to birds

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2
Q

Air Sacs

A

9 - 4 pairs + 1, most efficient respiration on planet earth, 1 way flow, unique to birds

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3
Q

Syrinx

A

Super-loud voice box, unique to birds

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4
Q

Hallux

A

Fourth anterior toe for perching - unique to birds

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5
Q

Toothless beak

A

Unique to class (turtles have them too)

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6
Q

Furcula

A

Wishbone - acts as compressive spring, adds strength

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7
Q

Keeled sternum

A

Large attachment site for flight muscles

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8
Q

Bone fusion

A

Hands, vertebra, pelvis fused - reduces weight, adds rigidity

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9
Q

Plumage

A

color and pattern of a bird produced by feathers

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10
Q

Molt

A

full shed of feathers

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11
Q

Preening

A

daily maintenance of feathers since they are dead at maturity

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12
Q

Remiges

A

Wing feathers

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13
Q

Rectrices

A

Tail feathers

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14
Q

Flight feathers

A

Remiges + rectrices

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15
Q

Calamus

A

hollow tip of feather where it attaches to bird

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16
Q

Rachis

A

shaft of feather

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17
Q

Barbs and barbules

A

interlocking fine segments that extend off the rachis

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18
Q

Altricial

A

chicks need care

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19
Q

precocial

A

chicks can leave nest relatively quickly

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20
Q

Albumen and yolk

A

Egg white (water and protein) and yolk (fat, protein)

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21
Q

FL bird diversity

A

20 orders, 50 families, 500 native species

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22
Q

Palmate

A

3 toes webbed, ducks terns gulls

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23
Q

Totipalmate

A

4 toes webbed, suliformes pelican

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24
Q

Ansiodactyl

A

Hallux + three toes

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25
Q

Zygodactyl

A

X arrangement, osprey, woodpeckers, owls, cuckoo

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26
Q

Lobate feet

A

individually webbed toes, PB Grebe, coot

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27
Q

Syndactyl

A

2 + 3 fused, kingfisher

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28
Q

Gaviiformes

A

Common Loon

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29
Q

Podicipediformes

A

Pied-Billed Grebe

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30
Q

Procellariformes

A

Petrels and shearwater, tubular nares

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31
Q

Suliformes

A

Anhinga, DC Cormorant, northern gannet, magnificent frigatebird (all totipalmate except frigatebird)

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32
Q

Pelecaniformes

A

Pelicans, ibises, herons, egrets

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33
Q

Aigrette

A

Egret plume, cause for overhunting

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34
Q

Ciconiiformes

A

Wood stork

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35
Q

Accipitriformes

A

Eagles, osprey, kites

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36
Q

Cathartiformes

A

Vultures

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37
Q

Falconiformes

A

Kestrel, Crested Caracara

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38
Q

Phoenicopteriformes

A

American Flamingo

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39
Q

Anseriformes

A

Swans Geese Ducks, dabbling vs diving

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40
Q

Rallidae characteristics

A

Long legs and toes, short tail, omnivorous, solid long distance fliers

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41
Q

Rails colonized…

A

almost all islands, some evolved to be flightless

42
Q

Other rails of note

A

King Rail, Sora

43
Q

Rail meaning

A

french for “to rattle”

44
Q

Obscure rail

45
Q

Black rail call

A

Kickee-doo

46
Q

Black rail habitat choice

A

Shallow water, dense herbaceous cover. Plant type matters less than plant structure. Salt, brackish, freshwater

47
Q

Black rail threats

A

Shrinking home range, sea level rise

48
Q

Galliformes

A

Wild turkey, northern bobwhite; travel in coveys (small group)

49
Q

Gruiformes

A

limpkin gallinules sandhill crane american coot rails

50
Q

Charadriiformes

A

Laughing gull ring-billed gull royal tern black skimmer sanderling

51
Q

Only gull that nests in FL

A

Laughing gull

52
Q

Crop

A

pouch that stores food before digestion, used to feed young

53
Q

Columbiformes

A

rock pigeon mourning dove eurasian collared dove

54
Q

Cuculiformes

A

yellow-billed cuckoo

55
Q

Strigiformes

A

barn owl barred owl eastern screech owl burrowing owl great horned owl

56
Q

“Howdy Owl”

57
Q

Rictal bristles

A

feathers at beak base, sensory function

58
Q

Caprimulgiformes

A

chuck-will’s-widow chimney swift ruby-throated hummingbird common nighthawk

59
Q

Coraciiformes

A

Belted kingfisher

60
Q

Piciformes

A

woodpeckers + northern flicker, known for caches, long tongues

61
Q

Passeriformes

A

perching birds

62
Q

Paridae

A

titmice and chickadees

63
Q

Cardinalidae

A

cardinals, tanagers, AND buntings

64
Q

Turdidae

A

Bluebirds, robins, thrushes

65
Q

Icteridae

A

BT + common grackles, brown-headed cowbird, red-winged blackbird

66
Q

Troglodytidae

A

Carolina wren

67
Q

Parulidae

A

Warblers: palm, yellow-rumped, common yellowthroat,

68
Q

Corvidae

A

Jays and crows (bonus: a murder of crows)

69
Q

Mimidae

A

Mockingbird (FL state bird), brown thrasher, gray catbird

70
Q

Tyrannidae

A

great crested flycatcher, eastern phoebe

71
Q

Bombycillidae

A

cedar waxwing

72
Q

Sturnidae

A

European starling

73
Q

Fringillidae

A

House finch

74
Q

Passeridae

A

House sparrow

75
Q

Polioptilidae

A

blue-gray gnatcatcher

76
Q

Laniidae

A

loggerhead shrike

77
Q

Vireonidae

A

white-eyed vireo

78
Q

Hirundinidae

A

barn swallow

79
Q

Swallowtail kite migration

A

From south america in winter

80
Q

Swallowtail kite nesting behavior

A

high in tall trees but not at the very top - gives time to build up speed for diving without making 2 egg nest open to great horned owl predators

81
Q

Habitat of swallowtail kite

A

wetlands as well as commercial timber land

82
Q

Pre-migration behavior of ST Kites

A

Communal roosting

83
Q

Migration issues for ST kites

A

Max 4 days of constant flight before death, “dead man’s curve,” leaving Yucatan

84
Q

Crested caracara

A

sharpest beak, first on a carcass, vultures follow. breeding pairs do not intrude on each other’s space

85
Q

number of endemic birds in FL

A

1 - FL Scrub Jay

86
Q

Three other scrub jay species

A

island, california, woodhouse

87
Q

Male vs female scrub jay

A

Females have rattling call

88
Q

Scrub jay young

A

Altricial, juveniles have brown head and thinner neck but are the same size as adults

89
Q

Scrub ecosystem

A

coastal + inland sandy ridges, xeric, nutrient poor soils, pyrogenic vegetation, open structure

90
Q

Scrub jay breeding behaviors

A

Cooperative breeding, young individuals help established breeders (0-5) doing everything but mating and incubating

91
Q

Efforts for conservation of FL scrub jay

A

Habitat protection and management, education, translocation (not substitute for habitat management but high survival rate)

92
Q

House sparrow

A

introduced in 1851 for biological control of caterpillars

93
Q

House finch

A

native to west, introduced in east - pet “hollywood finches” released in NYC in the 1940s

94
Q

European starling

A

purposeful release of 100 in central park in 1890 (+mumurations)

95
Q

Muscovy duck

A

purposeful release as ornamental (hiss, concerns over interbreeding)

96
Q

Eurasian collared dove

A

Caged birds escaped in Caribbean, spread into US via FL in the 80s

97
Q

Rock pigeon

A

intentional release by settlers (Shakespeare fans?)

98
Q

Gray-headed swamphen

A

2 local aviculturists let 2 “pet” birds roam free in the 90s - eradication unsuccessful

99
Q

Sacred Ibis

A

accidental release as result of hurricane andrew - eradicated in 2011…? sighting in 2015. EDRR

100
Q

EDRR

A

Early detection, rapid response

101
Q

Monk parakeet

A

Escapes/releases of pet birds, large stick nests for multiple breeding pairs, green and gray. most abundant of 10-20 parrot species breeding in FL

WIS3402 (19 decks)

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