Introduction to interviewing & counseling

Question 1

What is a major key to clinical success?

Answer 1

dealing with the emotions of our clients and their families

Question 2

Until emotions are dealt with what may happen?

Answer 2

people may not make progress or follow through with recommendations

Question 3

What are the different approaches to counseling?

Answer 3

1. informing
2. persuading
3. listening and valuing-help clients become congruent

Question 4

describe informing

Answer 4

• Medical model; information-based
• Luterman 2008, p. 1: “….we adopt an attitude of detached concern and proceed to control the clinical interaction by delivering set speeches.”
• Usually we give the diagnosis and then suggestions for what clients and families can do

Question 5

What is a problem with the informing method?

Answer 5

• When people are upset and emotional, they don’t process information very well
• Their brains are in fight-or-flight mode
• People remember the emotional tone that we set much more than they remember the actual information

Question 6

Describing the persuading method of counseling

Answer 6

• Counseling by persuasion–poor approach–clients do not own their behavior
• The professional takes the responsibility for the decision, not the client
• People often don’t follow through because the decision has not come from inside them

Question 7

Describe the listening and valuing/helping clients become congruent counseling method?

Answer 7

• We listen to clients and value them
• We present possibilities and choices
• Counseling must always increase possibilities for people

Question 8

for clients who are feeling a lot of emotion (e.g., anger, sorrow) what should we do?

Answer 8

oWe must first permit them to express those feelings

oOnce the feelings are expressed, then they can engage their intellect

oFor example: (Chabon & Cohn, 2012) The spouses of older adults may need to express their anger and resentment before they can be engaged in a home carryover program

Question 9

What are the obtaining information portions to counseling/getting to know a client?

Answer 9

1. case history questionnaires
2. observations
3. interviews

Question 10

Ideally, if we have a case history questionnaire filled out, why should we read this before they come in?

Answer 10

it saves time during the first interview, makes you seem prepared

Question 11

Why might some people not accurately fill out the case history form?

Answer 11

they may not:

• Understand the terminology
• Remember things (especially if they are older)
• Want to tell the truth
• Have enough time to fill out the form
• Read or write well enough to answer the questions

Question 12

What are the two types of observation?

Answer 12

oSpectator observation: The observer is physically apart from the client (e.g., one-way mirror)

oParticipant observation: We are in there with the person

Question 13

What are the 3 parts of an interview?

Answer 13

1. a purpose
2. a plan of action
3. good communication

Question 14

What are the 2 types of an interview?

Answer 14

information getting

information giving

Question 15

In an information getting interview, what kind of information should we be getting?

Answer 15

objective and subjective information

subjective–how a client feels about the problem

Question 16

ON EXAM

What does the ASHA leader say about boosting memory with information counseling?

Answer 16

• Patients retain about 50% of what we tell them
• Of the 50% they retain, they will get ½ of that wrong
• Thus, when we give information, people will accurately retain about 25% of it
• Intelligence was not related to retention of information
• However, familiarity with the information was related
• If people were somewhat familiar with the information already, they retained it better.

Question 17

ON EXAM

What does the ASHA leader say about factors interfering with retention of information?

Answer 17

old age (less recall)

high anxiety

denial of situation

Question 18

How can we help people remember information?

Answer 18

• Utilizing the PRIMARY EFFECT
• Utilizing the RECENCY EFFECT
• Stating most important information at BOTH beginning and end of session (repetition is key)

•In addition…
Make recommendations specific rather than general

• E.g. “Have your child read a list of 10 /r/ words once a day” instead of “have your child practice at home”
• Say to the person “If you were to explain this to **, what would you say?”
• Provide information in writing
• Use clear, easy-to-read, illustrated materials
• Provide materials in patient’s primary language; use an interpreter if necessary

Question 19

What is the Primary effect?

Answer 19

information presented first is usually remembered best

Question 20

What is the recency effect?

Answer 20

the last thing people hear also tends to be remembered

Question 21

What are the initial stages of counseling?

Answer 21

• Making personal contact
• Explaining the process
• Providing realistic hope for improvement
• Planning for termination**

Question 22

What are some rules for terminating therapy?

Answer 22

1. Set rules and attendance policies up front. Have a contract!
2. Ask client how it’s going for them
3. Say something like:
   •I’m glad we’ve been able to work together. I think that perhaps, at this time, due to ZYZ reason, continued therapy is not the best use of your time and money.
   •I think you might be happier/better served by—-person/facility.
4. Have List of other resources: Phone numbers, Websites

Question 23

What does Berry (2009) state that is “critically important”?

Answer 23

oFor the vast majority of parents of children with disabilities, connecting with other parents who are going through the same experiences is critically important

oRespite care is crucial as well

Question 24

not sure how to word this….

Roseberry-McKibbin & Hedge 2016

Answer 24

SLPs are not trained psychotherapists

Be sensitive to when we may need to make referrals to trained mental health professionals

However, professionally appropriate counseling is within our scope of practice

Question 25

What does Robinson, 2014, say about what is outside our scope of practice?

Answer 25

Chemical Dependence

Child or elder abuse

Legal Conflicts

Marital Problems

Personality or character disorders

Sexual Abuse/sexual problems

Suicidal ideation