Introduction to interviewing & counseling Flashcards
What is a major key to clinical success?
dealing with the emotions of our clients and their families
Until emotions are dealt with what may happen?
people may not make progress or follow through with recommendations
What are the different approaches to counseling?
- informing
- persuading
- listening and valuing-help clients become congruent
describe informing
- Medical model; information-based
- Luterman 2008, p. 1: “….we adopt an attitude of detached concern and proceed to control the clinical interaction by delivering set speeches.”
- Usually we give the diagnosis and then suggestions for what clients and families can do
What is a problem with the informing method?
- When people are upset and emotional, they don’t process information very well
- Their brains are in fight-or-flight mode
- People remember the emotional tone that we set much more than they remember the actual information
Describing the persuading method of counseling
- Counseling by persuasion–poor approach–clients do not own their behavior
- The professional takes the responsibility for the decision, not the client
- People often don’t follow through because the decision has not come from inside them
Describe the listening and valuing/helping clients become congruent counseling method?
- We listen to clients and value them
- We present possibilities and choices
- Counseling must always increase possibilities for people
for clients who are feeling a lot of emotion (e.g., anger, sorrow) what should we do?
oWe must first permit them to express those feelings
oOnce the feelings are expressed, then they can engage their intellect
oFor example: (Chabon & Cohn, 2012) The spouses of older adults may need to express their anger and resentment before they can be engaged in a home carryover program
What are the obtaining information portions to counseling/getting to know a client?
- case history questionnaires
- observations
- interviews
Ideally, if we have a case history questionnaire filled out, why should we read this before they come in?
it saves time during the first interview, makes you seem prepared
Why might some people not accurately fill out the case history form?
they may not:
- Understand the terminology
- Remember things (especially if they are older)
- Want to tell the truth
- Have enough time to fill out the form
- Read or write well enough to answer the questions
What are the two types of observation?
oSpectator observation: The observer is physically apart from the client (e.g., one-way mirror)
oParticipant observation: We are in there with the person
What are the 3 parts of an interview?
- a purpose
- a plan of action
- good communication
What are the 2 types of an interview?
information getting
information giving
In an information getting interview, what kind of information should we be getting?
objective and subjective information
subjective–how a client feels about the problem
ON EXAM
What does the ASHA leader say about boosting memory with information counseling?
- Patients retain about 50% of what we tell them
- Of the 50% they retain, they will get ½ of that wrong
- Thus, when we give information, people will accurately retain about 25% of it
- Intelligence was not related to retention of information
- However, familiarity with the information was related
- If people were somewhat familiar with the information already, they retained it better.
ON EXAM
What does the ASHA leader say about factors interfering with retention of information?
old age (less recall)
high anxiety
denial of situation
How can we help people remember information?
- Utilizing the PRIMARY EFFECT
- Utilizing the RECENCY EFFECT
- Stating most important information at BOTH beginning and end of session (repetition is key)
•In addition…
Make recommendations specific rather than general
- E.g. “Have your child read a list of 10 /r/ words once a day” instead of “have your child practice at home”
- Say to the person “If you were to explain this to **, what would you say?”
- Provide information in writing
- Use clear, easy-to-read, illustrated materials
- Provide materials in patient’s primary language; use an interpreter if necessary
What is the Primary effect?
information presented first is usually remembered best
What is the recency effect?
the last thing people hear also tends to be remembered
What are the initial stages of counseling?
- Making personal contact
- Explaining the process
- Providing realistic hope for improvement
- Planning for termination**
What are some rules for terminating therapy?
- Set rules and attendance policies up front. Have a contract!
- Ask client how it’s going for them
- Say something like:
•I’m glad we’ve been able to work together. I think that perhaps, at this time, due to ZYZ reason, continued therapy is not the best use of your time and money.
•I think you might be happier/better served by—-person/facility. - Have List of other resources: Phone numbers, Websites
What does Berry (2009) state that is “critically important”?
oFor the vast majority of parents of children with disabilities, connecting with other parents who are going through the same experiences is critically important
oRespite care is crucial as well
not sure how to word this….
Roseberry-McKibbin & Hedge 2016
SLPs are not trained psychotherapists
Be sensitive to when we may need to make referrals to trained mental health professionals
However, professionally appropriate counseling is within our scope of practice
What does Robinson, 2014, say about what is outside our scope of practice?
Chemical Dependence
Child or elder abuse
Legal Conflicts
Marital Problems
Personality or character disorders
Sexual Abuse/sexual problems
Suicidal ideation
