Counseling Theories Flashcards
What is the definition of counseling?
Counseling is a helping relationship that involves one party who needs help, another party that provides help, and a setting that allows the process to occur.
Frequently, we are helping people deal with the feelings or emotions surrounding a communication disorder
We are also providing guidance
Often what has Dr. R found that as the SLP, you are….
the key person parents turn to when they need to vent their emotions or talk over their worry, fear, and stress
As a student, I was never ready for this—I thought my job ended with assessment and treatment
What are the different theories of counseling?
Psychodamic theory
client centered Therapy **
Behavioral theory
Cognitive Behavioral Theory**
Reality Therapy
Eclectic Approach
Describe Client Centered Therapy
Person-centered theory
Carl Rogers
Foundation: EMPATHIC RELATIONSHIP between the client and therapist that will allow the client to freely experience and express all his/her emotions in a completely accepting climate
The Counselor (you, the SLP) needs to be fully present:
•You have to be in touch with your own needs and experiences
•You enter into a therapeutic alliance with the client so as to release the client’s self-actualizing drive
•With the right therapeutic environment, the client’s self-actualizing drive will bubble up and they will actively choose to make changes
What are the 4 steps of client centered therapy?
Step 1: Client encouraged to freely express emotions
Step 2: Clinician LISTENS, responds to content and feelings
Step 3: Accepting relationship with clinician helps client become open to change and growth
Step 4: Client takes responsibility for taking action towards goals s/he develops
What does DiLollo & Niemeyer, 2014, say about Client centered therapy?
Empathetic reflections about client’s feelings take little time in therapy session
Earn clients’ trust and cooperation
set stage for joint problem solving
Read this:
Example of joint problem solving:
Me to Kiree: “You’re really bored right now, aren’t you? I’m pretty boring!”
“It must be make you mad when kids make fun of you because you talk different.”
Me to Eddie: “You really don’t want to do this test, huh? Feels like the same ol’ same ol,’ right?”
Why might some multicultural clients not like client-centered therapy/therapy?
They often expect advice and specific solutions, not just a shoulder to cry on
The more educated the client, the more they will want the list of action steps
ON EXAM
What does Robinson, 2014, say about client-centered therapy/theory?
this theory is most helpful in the beginning; especially with new diagnoses
you’re listening, not telling people what to do
Describe the behavioral theory?
Scientists want measurement
Emphasis on observable behaviors, environmental, external influences
All behavior is caused by environmental stimuli**
Human behavior is the product of external reinforcement
Behavior is shaped and maintained by immediate consequences
Reinforcement must be given immediately after a particular behavior has occurred
Engingeering model of facilitating change
Goal set, task broken down into small steps
Careful reinforcement
Rather than focusing on feelings, the clinician focuses on specific outcomes
Goal: emphasize client’s identifiable behaviors and make positive changes
Danger: “fruit loop therapy”
May be most effective after a client-centered approach, esp. in the beginning where clients have strong emotions
Many multicultural clients appreciate this
Behavioral therapy does not rely on having people get in touch with and express their feelings
Provides specific and practical steps for positive change
ON EXAM: When is the behavioral theory probably most effective?
after a client-centered approach, especially in the beginning when clients have strong emotions.
What does DiLollo & Niemeyer 2014, say about the behavioral theory?
SLPs are mandated to provide clinical services beyond simple teaching of behavioral techniques or use of technology
Behavioral methods: good at addressing surface issues but not deeper emotional issues related to emotional and psychological consequences of communication disorders
Behavioral methods alone often do not promote long-term, meaningful change
What does Robinson, 2014 say about when the behavioral theory is ineffective?
at the beginning of a counseling relationship
Describe the cognitive-behavioral theory
Client’s THOUGHTS are key
Counseling is more of a 3-step process:
- change client’s thinking
- change belief system
- change behavior
What does luterman state about the cognitive behavioral theory?
Highly confrontational approach; client always challenged to examine underlying “irrational” assumptions reflected in his language or behavior
SLP is only concerned with MEANING client attaches to an event (not past history)
