Foundations of Effective Counseling Flashcards
How do we maintain objectivity?
We focus on the client’s feelings, not our own
We don’t allow our own emotions to inappropriately influence the situation
How do we increase our competence and knowledge?
continuously grow ourselves
read, attend workshops and conventions
What may parents do (especially if they are higher income) when they come to a meeting with you?
Many parents with children with disabilities have TONS of information from the internet
They will bring this to meetings
Karen Fittinger: Keep up! Don’t let parents school you.
What does Sheehan (Child neurology workshop) say about how we should approach parents who have a lot of “information” to bring to the table?
Be proactive—head parents off at the pass
Tell them, “If you go to the internet, you will see…”
How can we appear knowledgeable?
By referring people to books, articles, websites
Appearing organized and prepared ahead of time
Having professional books and journals within view
Writing excellent reports
Have your diplomas displayed
Having a nameplate with MS, CCC-SLP on it
Giving people a great business card
When is it especially helpful to appear knowledgeable?
If the SLP is young and the patient is old
How can we maintain our flexibility?
We vary our approach with different clients
We look at age, gender, culture, religion, educational level
not sure how to word this….
Openness and Honesty
o Hear and understand people without imposing our value system on them
o Acceptance vs. condoning
…
How can we show empathy?
Enter into, share the feelings of others
Don’t EVER say “I know just how you feel.”
Better: “I can’t even imagine what you must be going through right now. How hard!”
What is emotional stability?
Security with ourselves; being stable emotionally
What are the two types of empathy?
primary empathy
Advanced Empathy
What is primary empathy?
Communication of our accurate Perception of the client’s message
What is advanced empathy?
Offering back unstated feelings that the listener picks up from tone or body language.
What does Shames 2000, say about self-disclosure?
Sharing behavior may come easily to some of us, perhaps too easily. It is not designed to relieve the tensions or meet the problem needs of the counselor. Sharing should be relatively brief and should not involve a long or detailed description…It should be long enough to accomplish its designated function, which is to facilitate the processes of the client. It should not result in a prolonged or specific focus on the counselor by either the counselor or client.
How can we maintain concentration?
Avoid distractions
Plan enough time for the meeting
Write things down
Visualize what the speaker is saying
Occasionally reflect back—rephrase, restate
Get your head in the game in advance
keep good eye contact with the speaker
make sure you are physically comfortable
pad to jot down extraneous things that pop into your head
What does respect mean?
Means having regard for and showing appropriate courtesy to others
How do we convey respect?
Address people by appropriate TITLES (esp. elderly)
Dress professionally
Be patient, even if they say stupid things
Ask for their input “What do you think?”
Thank them for taking time out of their schedule
Ask about their lives
Be respectful to retirees, full-time at home moms
The next time you see a person what can you bring up?
something specific that they said last time you talked
What values does our Western culture emphasize?
Individualism
Self-sufficiency
Autonomy
Competition
Early independence in childhood
Rehab—patient is brought back to as much independence as possible
How may we broaden our world view?
Always be conscious that there are multiple realities
Remember that religion is central for some clients and families
Come from a “strengths perspective,” where we acknowledge how clients have used their strengths to solve problems
View things from a social justice perspective
View disabilities from a current 21st century perspective
How can we view things from a social justice perspective?
We have a social responsibility to work for a more equitable distribution of resources, rights, and opportunities for all people
In the 1900s to 1950s how were disabilities viewed?
they excluded and segregated
Children were the responsibility of families
From 1950s-1980, what was the view on disabilities?
identify and assist
families still held most responsibility, institutionalized still common
What happened around 1975?
increased federal funding for special education
lawsuits were filed and won
IDEA was introduced in 1975
What was the disabilities perspective from 1980s to present?
Include and empower
parents have more rights
students with disabilities began attending school with typically developing students
by the late 1980s, some states closed all institutions and replaced them with community services; other states began doing this.
Bush signed the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in 1990 that prevented workplace discrimination against the disabled.
Full inclusion—formal movement
What are some ways we can make a positive first impression?
find common ground
compliment people
What are 3 ways to understand others?
secondhand (reports, talking to others)
our own from of reference
their personal frame of reference
What are some hindrances to rapport?
Allowing interruptions
Showing shock
Frowning/looking disapproving
Fidgeting
Poor eye contact
Glancing at the clock
What are 5 ways to improve someone’s motivation?
frequency of contact between parties
REWARDS experiences by working toward therapy goals
SHARED EFFORT and responsibility between clinician and clients
Goals that CLIENT thinks are important
Learn enough about something to have a MODERATE LEVEL OF ANXIETY about it
What are the types of listening
listening for comprehension
listening for empathy
listening for evaluation
listening for resolution
How do we listen for comprehension?
We try to receive, understand, and remember messages as accurately as possible
Goal: remain objective, not to make judgments or critically inspect information
We clarify and verify information
How do we listen for empathy?
Goal: convey genuine concern, understanding, and involvement
Try to put ourselves in other person’s place
Reassure people, comfort them, express warmth, show unconditional regard
How do we listen for Evaluation?
This is a means of judging what we hear and observe
This follows the first 2 types of listening because we are not ready to judge until we have comprehended and understood the other person
How do we listen for Resolution?
This focuses on “us,” not “you.”
This is appropriate for situations when a problem needs to be solved
The focus is on solving it together, not us solving it for someone else
How may we achieve “listening for resolution’?
Remain humble and open
Trust the other party to make significant contributions
Be open-ended in questions and responses
Encourage equal interchange between parties
Paraphrase and add to the other party’s ideas
How can we improve our listening skills?
Overcome the “entertainment syndrome” where we tune out things that seem boring to us.
