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Microbiology Module 1 '15 - '16 > Introduction to Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Introduction to Infectious Diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the relationship between Humans and bacteria? (What changes and how)

A

Humans change, bacteria does not. Overcrowding, trade practices, travel, domestication of animals and sexual practices

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2
Q

What are some old diseases and why are they a current concern?

A

Tuberculosis- multi-resistant and extensively resistant strains
Syphilis- CDC named Indianapolis syphilis capitol of the nation
Black Plague- Still present in southwester U.S.
Influenza- Bird and swine flu
Anthrax, smallpox, etc - Biological warfare

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3
Q

Statistics for disease mortality

A

Declines overal since more clean but not gone. Could spike up again due to antibiotic misuse/ resistance.

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4
Q

What is the leading cause of death and what percentage of deaths are due to this?

A

Infectious diseases, 16%

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5
Q

What are some relatively new infectious diseases?

A

AIDS, Legionaires Disease, Lyme disease, Toxic Shock (Staph), Ebola SARS, West nile, Swine flu, Hepatitis B and C, Hanta Fever (mouse drippings) Resistant and Multiresistant

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6
Q

What are chronic disease and there associated organism?

A

Helicobacter pylori - Peptic ulcers
Human Papillomavirus - Cervical cancer, throat cancer
Hepatitis B and C- Liver carcinoma
Correlia Burgdorferi - Chronic Lyme disease
West Nile Virus - Pliomyelitis-like paralysis

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7
Q

What are the three elements involved in the triad of infectious diseases?

A

Infectious agent, Host and Environment

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8
Q

What are some bacteria virulence factors?

A 
Adherence
certain antigens (m-protein etc)
Toxins (exotoxins, endotoxins)
Invasiveness
Capsules
Enzymens/Hemolysins
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9
Q

What are some host resistance factors?

A

Physical Barriers, usual flora, cleansing mechanisms phagocytosis/immune response

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10
Q

What is a immunodeficient host susceptible to that a normal person is not?

A

Opportunistic Pathogens

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11
Q

What are some environmental factors?

A

Poverty, deforestation, natural disasters, Population migration and antibiotics or immunosuppressive therapy.

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of exotoxins?

A

Protein, gram pos and neg bacteria, Heat liable, EXO CAN HAVE ANTITOXIN

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of Endotoxins?

A

Lipopolysaccharides (part of cell wall), Primarily gram neg, heat stable, produce fever shock DIC, NO ANTITOXINS produced against endotoxins

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14
Q

What are just resistance factors and what is the bodies first line of defense?

A

Physical barriers (first line), Usual Flora, cleansing mechanisms, immune

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15
Q

What types of pathogens affect those who are immunocompromised?

A

Opportunistic pathogens

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16
Q

What are the various routes of transmission?

A

Air, ingestion, Close contact, cuts and bites, arthrodes (like a tick) and zoonoses (contact with animals and/or their products)

17
Q

What areas of usual flora?

A

Skin, mouth, upper respiratory, intestines and vagina.

18
Q

What areas are normally sterile?

A

Blood, CSF, Joint fluids, Organs and tissues not exposed to outside, Upper urinary and general tracts, Lower respiratory

19
Q

What are commensals?

A

Usual flora

20
Q

What organisms are pathogenic in sterile areas?

A

ALL

21
Q

What are ways of prevention?

A

Handwashing, Vaccines, sanitation, animal/vector control and education.

22
Q

What is an infection with sudden onset and usually shorter duration?

A

Acute infection

23
Q

What is a host harboring a pathogen without displaying symptoms?

A

Carrier

24
Q

What is a long lasting infection?

A

Chronic infection

25
Q

What is the CDC and where is it?

A

Centers for Disease control in Atlanta, GA

26
Q

What is pollution of a body site with microorganisms NOT causing disease?

A

Colonization

27
Q

What is called with one organism benefits with no harm to the other?

A

Commensal?

28
Q

What is the spread of infections to distant sites?

A

Dissemination

29
Q

What is an infection from ones own flora

A

Endogenous infection

30
Q

What is an agent acquired from outside of self?

A

Exogenous infection

31
Q

What is the number of cases of disease?

A

Morbidity

32
Q

What is the number of deaths?

A

Mortality

33
Q

What is a hospital aquired infection?

A

Nosocomial

34
Q

What is an organism that benefits at the others expense?

A

Parasite

35
Q

What is something that is virulent

A

Pathogen

36
Q

What is the ability to cause disease?

A

Virulence

37
Q

What is an infection acquired from contact with animals?

A

Zoonotic

Microbiology Module 1 '15 - '16 (9 decks)

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