Biochemicals Flashcards
What is the principle of the Methyl Red test?
If the organism can produce acid/neutral products via Glucose Fermentation.
What is the principle of the Voges-Proskauer test?
IF the product is Acetone from glucose fermentation
What is the principle of the Citrate test?
If the organism can use Citrate as its sole source of carbon.
What is the Principe of the Phenylalanine test?
Ability to deaminate Phenylalanine to Phenylpyruvic acid
What is the principle of the Indole test?
Spit indole from amino acid Tryprophane
What is the principle of the KIA test?
Ability to ferment lactose and/or glucose with/without Gas production as well as H2S
What is the principle of the motility test?
If an organism is motile (flagellated) or non-motile (non-flagellated)
What is the principle of the Urease test?
Able to split Urea via Urease
What is the principle of the Decarboxylase Dihydrolase test?
Presence of decarboxylase enzymes to break down Amino Acids to their Amine and CO2
What is the principle of the Arginine Dihyrolase test?
If an organic has arginine dihydrolase to break down arginine
What does a positive and negative mean in the methyl red test?
Positive used Mixed acid fermentation
Negative used Butylene Glycol
What fermentation do positive VP organisms use?
Butylene glycol fermentation
What is another name for the the phenylalanine test?
TDA
What are the two procedures of the Indole test?
Ehrlich and Kovacs
What is the advantage of one procedure over the other in the Indole test?
Ehrlich is more sensitive than Kovac
What is the Ehrlich procedure used for?
GNR and anarobes
What is the Kovacs procedure used for?
Enterobacteriaceae
What is the substrate and product of the KIA test?
Sodium Thiosulfate + H2S –> Black ppt. which is Ferrous Sulfide.
What is the difference in sugars among the Kia medias?
There is 10x more lactose than glucose and TSI has an additional 1% more sucrose
What can be added to the motility test, why? What is its disadvantage?
Tetrazolium Salts which help to visualize motility but can be inhibitory
What is the media used in urease? what is special about it?
Christens media and Proteus is strongly positive
What are two amino acids broken down in the Dacarb test and what are they broken down to?
Lysine to cadaverine and Ornithine to Putrescine
What is the substrate and reagent of the methyl red?
Glucose and methyl red
What is the substrate and reagent of the VP test?
Glucose; alpha naphthol AND KOH
What is the substrate and reagent of the Citrate test?
Citarte and NONE
What is the substrate and reagent of the Phenylalanine test?
Phenylalanine and FeCl3
What is the reagent used in the indole test?
P-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde-HCl
What is the substrate and reagent of the motility test?
None and NONE
What is the substrate and reagent of the Urease test?
Urea and NONE
What is the substrate and reagent of the decarboxylase dihyrolase test?
Lysine or ornithine and none
What is the substrate and reagent of the arginine dihyrolase test?
Argine and none
What is a positive and negative of the methyl red test?
Red is (+), Yellow is (-)
What is a positive and negative of the VP test?
Pink is (+), Yellow is (-)
What is a positive and negative of the Citrate test?
Blue is (+), Green is (-)
What is a positive and negative of the Phenylalanine test?
Dark Green is (+), Yellow is (-)
What is a positive and negative of the Indole test?
Red line in middle is (+) for Ehrich on the top is (+) for Kovac, Yellow is (-)
What is a positive and negative of the KIA test?
A/A is Glucose and lactose (Yellow/Yellow); K/A is only glucose (Pink/yellow) blacking with Pink top is assumed to have been glucose only and H2S (+) K/K is NONE (pink/pink)
What is a positive and negative of the Motility test?
Fanned/turbid is (+), single line is (-)
What is a positive and negative of the Urease tests?
Pink is (+), Yellow is (-)
What is a positive and negative of the Decarboxylase dihyrdolase test?
Purple/brown is (+), Yellow is (-)
What is a positive and negative of the Arginine dihydrolase test?
Purple/brown is (+), Yellow is (-)
What two tests should not be read early?
KIA and the decarboxylase
What is the principle of the carbohydrate 1% test?
Degrade carbohydrates to produce acid as well as gas or not
What is the principle of the Oxidation Fermentation test?
Utilization of glucose either fermentative, oxidative or neither
What is the principle of the Cytochrome Oxidase test?
Presence of oxidized cytochrome C
What is the principle of the Nitrate test?
Reduce nitrate to nitrite OR nitrate to N2 gas
What is the principle of the MUG test?
Looking for Beta-glucuronidase (in e.coli)
What is the broth and indicator in the 1% carbohydrate test?
Purple Broth base, bromcresol Purple indicator
What is the tube system called in OF, what is in it?
Hugh and Ceifson’s, High Carbohydrate and Low peptones
How do you inoculate the oxidase test?
NEVER nichrome loops, wooden applicator
What is the medium with the nirate test?
Potassium nitrite
What is the full name of the MUG test?
4-methylumbelliferyl-Beta-P-Glucurdase
What is the substrate and reagent of the 1% carbohydrate test?
1!!! Carb and NONE
What is the substrate and reagent of the OF test?
Glucose and NONE
What is the substrate and reagent of the Cytochrome Oxidase test?
(filter paper) and 1% tetamethly-P-phenylenediaminedihyro chloride
What is the substrate and reagent of the Nitate test?
Nitrate and first (alpha naphylamine, sulfonic acid) then if neg, zinc dust
What is the substrate and reagent for the MUG test?
rapid test
What is a positive and negative of the 1% carbohydrate test?
Yellow (+) and Purple (-)
What is a positive and negative of the OF test?
Yellow in both = fermenter OR yellow in only oil= Oxidizer OR neither yellow (both green/red) = Asaccharolytic (non-oxidizer)
What is a positive and negative of the Oxidase test?
Purple/blue (+), no change (-)
What is a positive and negative of the Nitrate test?
Red (+) with first clear means you must add ZINC dust THEN RED (-) and CLEAR is (+)
What is a positive and negative of the MUG test?
Florescent (+) no florescence (-)
What is the main advantage of performing the Lead acetate test?
If is more sensitive for H2S than the KIA test is.
